IO Linearization, Stability, and Control of an Input Non-Affine Thermoelectric System

Temperature-Dependent Modeling of Thermoelectric Elements

“…A common approach (Lineykin and Ben-Yaakov, 2007;van Gils, 2017;Bos et al, 2018;Fraisse et al, 2013) to modeling a thermoelectric module is lumped-capacitance discretization, e.g., the module is subdivided into lumps of uniform temperature. A similar approach is taken in this paper by dividing the module, shown in Fig.…”

“…Employing constant parameters in the model ( 7) often yields sufficiently accurate results, as demonstrated in Bos et al (2018), for systems that operate in a limited temperature range. For the systems considered in this paper, e.g., a blood diagnostic device that cycles between 20 and 80 degrees Celsius, this is often not sufficient and temperature dependencies must be taken into account.…”

“…Finally, in the semiconductor industry, wafer scanners are used to produce integrated circuits that need to achieve a positioning accuracy of nanometers. Therefore, thermal control is an important aspect in their mechatronic design (Bos et al, 2018), since the current performance of these high precision systems is often limited by thermal induced deformations. In Saathof et al (2016) selective local heating is employed to control the thermal induced deformations in a mirror system.…”

“…The state feedback ensures that all trajectories move towards a stable sliding manifold. Lastly, in Bos et al (2018) and van Gils (2017), the nonlinear system is partially linearized using a feedback linearization by creating a new virtual input that has linear input-to-output (IO) dynamics. This facilitates the use of conventional linear control approaches.…”

“…In the work by van Gils (2017), the cold side of a TEM is thermally controlled for a large temperature range from 5 to 80 • C. However, the feedback linearization yields some residual nonlinear dynamics. Moreover, in Bos et al (2018); van Gils (2017) a nonlinear observer design is recommended since it is often impractical to install temperature sensors around the point of interest (POI). For example, in a diagnostic platform fluid temperature must be accurately controlled but placing a temperature sensor in the fluid is undesired due to hygiene constraints.…”