“…In recent years, there are many reports where WRKY TFs illustrated regulation function in biosynthesis of varied secondary metabolites such as avonoid [18], alkaloid [14,19], etc. Recently, increasing evidence in other species has demonstrated that WRKY TFs are involved in the regulation of carotenoids/apocarotenoids metabolism as well by modulating the expression of functional genes in their metabolic pathways [20]. For instance, SlWRKY35 can regulate carotenoid biosynthesis by directly activating the expression of SlDXS1gene in tomato.…”
Crocins, exhibiting remarkable pharmacological value were generated in significant quantities in stigma of Crocus sativus. Although the biosynthesis pathway of crocins has been elucidated to a great degree, there is still little information about the regulating mechanism of TFs on the biosynthesis of crocins in stigma development process. WRKY TFs were reported to play a role in modulating carotenoids/apocarotenoids metabolism. CsWRKY genes were identified from RNA sequencing database of stigma at different developmental stages. Phylogenetic analysis was employed to work out their evolutionary relation. Coexpression profile of CsWRKY genes and crocin biosynthesis-related genes was performed on Majorbio Cloud Platform. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to investigate the expression level of CsWRKY TFs in various tissue and developmental stages. A total of 34 CsWRKY TFs were identified from stigma of C. Sativus. Phylogenetic analysis of these CsWRKY TFs together with their orthologs from Arabidopsis clustered them into group Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ. Coexpression network between CsWRKY TFs and crocin biosynthesis-related genes (CsBCH, CsCCD2L, CsALDH and CsUGT) revealed that CsWRKY1, -2, -8, -10, -15 and − 28 genes showed strong correlation with above structure genes. CsWRKY2, -15 and − 28 have identical motifs, belonging to group Ⅱd. The expression levels of candidate CsWRKY genes are highest in stigma comparing with other tissues. Furtherly, the expression patterns of candidate CsWRKY genes were in parallel to the accumulation of crocins. Our study established an extensive overview of the WRKY family in C. sativus and screened six candidate CsWRKY (1, -2, -8, -10, -15 and − 28) involved in the crocin biosynthesis in saffron.
“…In recent years, there are many reports where WRKY TFs illustrated regulation function in biosynthesis of varied secondary metabolites such as avonoid [18], alkaloid [14,19], etc. Recently, increasing evidence in other species has demonstrated that WRKY TFs are involved in the regulation of carotenoids/apocarotenoids metabolism as well by modulating the expression of functional genes in their metabolic pathways [20]. For instance, SlWRKY35 can regulate carotenoid biosynthesis by directly activating the expression of SlDXS1gene in tomato.…”
Crocins, exhibiting remarkable pharmacological value were generated in significant quantities in stigma of Crocus sativus. Although the biosynthesis pathway of crocins has been elucidated to a great degree, there is still little information about the regulating mechanism of TFs on the biosynthesis of crocins in stigma development process. WRKY TFs were reported to play a role in modulating carotenoids/apocarotenoids metabolism. CsWRKY genes were identified from RNA sequencing database of stigma at different developmental stages. Phylogenetic analysis was employed to work out their evolutionary relation. Coexpression profile of CsWRKY genes and crocin biosynthesis-related genes was performed on Majorbio Cloud Platform. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to investigate the expression level of CsWRKY TFs in various tissue and developmental stages. A total of 34 CsWRKY TFs were identified from stigma of C. Sativus. Phylogenetic analysis of these CsWRKY TFs together with their orthologs from Arabidopsis clustered them into group Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ. Coexpression network between CsWRKY TFs and crocin biosynthesis-related genes (CsBCH, CsCCD2L, CsALDH and CsUGT) revealed that CsWRKY1, -2, -8, -10, -15 and − 28 genes showed strong correlation with above structure genes. CsWRKY2, -15 and − 28 have identical motifs, belonging to group Ⅱd. The expression levels of candidate CsWRKY genes are highest in stigma comparing with other tissues. Furtherly, the expression patterns of candidate CsWRKY genes were in parallel to the accumulation of crocins. Our study established an extensive overview of the WRKY family in C. sativus and screened six candidate CsWRKY (1, -2, -8, -10, -15 and − 28) involved in the crocin biosynthesis in saffron.
“…In plants, the rate of carotenogenesis is limited mainly by PSY activity ( Zhou et al 2022 ), and, accordingly, PSY expression and activity are heavily regulated. Numerous transcription factors regulate PSY gene expression, while alternative splicing, protein-protein interactions, and other processes further modulate PSY activity ( Liang and Li 2023 ). In Arabidopsis, one such protein-protein interaction is that of GGPPS11 with PSY, which promotes the channeling of GGPP to PSY ( Ruiz-Sola et al 2016 ).…”
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