Involvement of the long noncoding RNA NEAT1 in carcinogenesis

Abstract

Altered expression levels of the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) nuclear‐enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) have been reported in different types of cancer. More than half of the NEAT1 studies in cancer have been published within the last 2 years. In this review, we discuss very recent developments and insights into NEAT1 contribution to carcinogenesis. Summarizing the literature, it becomes obvious that NEAT1 is a lncRNA highly de‐/upregulated in a variety of cancer entities, in which it primarily acts as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) which sponges tumor‐suppressive microRNA (miRNA). The sponged miRNA lose their ability to degrade, silence, or hamper translation of their downstream—mostly oncogenic—target transcripts, ultimately promoting carcinogenesis. This role of NEAT1 function in tumorigenesis suggests it may be a prognostic biomarker as well as potential therapeutic target, pending the completion of further studies into the underlying mechanisms.

lncRNA Mediated Hijacking of T-cell Hypoxia Response Pathway by Mycobacterium tuberculosis Predicts Latent to Active Progression in Humans

“…Our experimental design also enriched NEAT1 as an upregulated DE protein coding mRNA in the class-wise testing of progressive replicates. Role of NEAT1 is widely studied for its paraspeckle formation and paraspeckle dependent cell differentiation [39]. Upregulated levels of NEAT1 could manipulate the cytokine expression through the JNK/ERK MAPK signalling pathway in Macrophages [40].…”

“…Upregulated levels of NEAT1 could manipulate the cytokine expression through the JNK/ERK MAPK signalling pathway in Macrophages 39 . It has also been reported as a potential biomarker in the previous studies 40 .…”

NEAT1 promotes myocardial ischemia‐reperfusion injury via activating the MAPK signaling pathway

“…These indicated that MAPK pathway was involved in NEAT1-mediated myocardial IR injury. Recently, increasing evidence suggests that lncRNAs are emerging as new players in myocardial injury (Das, Samidurai, & Salloum, 2018;Ong et al, 2018;Yu, Tang, & Zhou, 2018 NEAT1 is abnormally upregulated in somatic malignancies and it has been found to promote tumor growth in several cancers (Dong et al, 2018;Klec, Prinz, & Pichler, 2018;C. Yang et al, 2017).…”

RNA-Binding Proteins as Important Regulators of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Cancer

“…A well-studied example for this is metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), an lncRNA that interacts with serine/arginine (SR) splicing factors, thereby influencing their subnuclear distribution, phosphorylation status, and consequently their activity [20]. Apart from splicing, lncRNAs also regulate mRNA stability and translation by interacting with translation factors and proteins involved in mRNA decay, or by acting as so-called competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) [23][24][25][26][27]. These ceRNAs sponge up microRNAs (miRNAs) and thus prevent them from binding to and inducing degradation or translational repression of their mRNA targets [25][26][27].According to the NONCODE database (version v5.0), 96,308 lncRNA genes have been identified in the human genome [28].…”

“…Apart from splicing, lncRNAs also regulate mRNA stability and translation by interacting with translation factors and proteins involved in mRNA decay, or by acting as so-called competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) [23][24][25][26][27]. These ceRNAs sponge up microRNAs (miRNAs) and thus prevent them from binding to and inducing degradation or translational repression of their mRNA targets [25][26][27].According to the NONCODE database (version v5.0), 96,308 lncRNA genes have been identified in the human genome [28]. Steadily increasing focus is now being put on the functional annotation of these lncRNAs, especially regarding their role in disease [28].…”