Involvement of the IAA-Regulated ACC Oxidase Gene PnACO3 in Pharbitis Nil Flower Inhibition

Wilmowicz, Emilia; Frankowski, Kamil; Kućko, Agata; Kęsy, Jacek; Kopcewicz, Jan

doi:10.2478/abcsb-2014-0013

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…But additional research is needed at the molecular scale to determine the mechanism by which mutant ARFs delay flowering time. In contrast, other studies observing delayed flowering in Japanese Morning Glory Pharbitis nil following auxin treatments suggest genes outside the auxin related gene families examined here may be contribute to this auxin mediated delay of flowering ( Frankowski et al, 2009 ; Wilmowicz et al, 2014 ). Regardless of which specific genes may be involved in this response, auxin contributes to natural variation in the timing of life stage transitions.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Above and belowground phenotypic response to exogenous auxin across Arabidopsis thaliana mutants and natural accessions varies from seedling to reproductive maturity

Sydow,

Murren

2024

PeerJ

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Background Plant hormones influence phenology, development, and function of above and belowground plant structures. In seedlings, auxin influences the initiation and development of lateral roots and root systems. How auxin-related genes influence root initiation at early life stages has been investigated from numerous perspectives. There is a gap in our understanding of how these genes influence root size through the life cycle and in mature plants. Across development, the influence of a particular gene on plant phenotypes is partly regulated by the addition of a poly-A tail to mRNA transcripts via alternative polyadenylation (APA). Auxin related genes have documented variation in APA, with auxin itself contributing to APA site switches. Studies of the influence of exogenous auxin on natural plant accessions and mutants of auxin pathway gene families exhibiting variation in APA are required for a more complete understanding of genotype by development by hormone interactions in whole plant and fitness traits. Methods We studied Arabidopsis thaliana homozygous mutant lines with inserts in auxin-related genes previously identified to exhibit variation in number of APA sites. Our growth chamber experiment included wildtype Col-0 controls, mutant lines, and natural accession phytometers. We applied exogenous auxin through the life cycle. We quantified belowground and aboveground phenotypes in 14 day old, 21 day old seedlings and plants at reproductive maturity. We contrasted root, rosette and flowering phenotypes across wildtype, auxin mutant, and natural accession lines, APA groups, hormone treatments, and life stages using general linear models. Results The root systems and rosettes of mutant lines in auxin related genes varied in response to auxin applications across life stages and varied between genotypes within life stages. In seedlings, exposure to auxin decreased size, but increased lateral root density, whereas at reproductive maturity, plants displayed greater aboveground mass and total root length. These differences may in part be due to a shift which delayed the reproductive stage when plants were treated with auxin. Root traits of auxin related mutants depended on the number of APA sites of mutant genes and the plant’s developmental stage. Mutants with inserts in genes with many APA sites exhibited lower early seedling belowground biomass than those with few APA sites but only when exposed to exogenous auxin. As we observed different responses to exogenous auxin across the life cycle, we advocate for further studies of belowground traits and hormones at reproductive maturity. Studying phenotypic variation of genotypes across life stages and hormone environments will uncover additional shared patterns across traits, assisting efforts to potentially reach breeding targets and enhance our understanding of variation of genotypes in natural systems.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Above and belowground phenotypic response to exogenous auxin across Arabidopsis thaliana mutants and natural accessions varies from seedling to reproductive maturity

Sydow,

Murren

2024

PeerJ

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“…ABA plays an important role in the photoperiodic induction of flowering in pharbitis seedlings, and the inhibitory effect of ethylene on pharbitis flowering inhibition may depend on its influence on the ABA level. The inhibition of flowering was observed when ABA was applied just before or at the beginning of a 16-h-long dark period (Wilmowicz et al, 2014). Moreover, the application of AVG partially reversed the inhibitory effect of ABA on flowering, suggesting that ABA influenced ethylene production which directly inhibited flowering.…”

Section: Flower Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethylene Role in Plant Growth, Development and Senescence: Interaction with Other Phytohormones

et al. 2017

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The complex juvenile/maturity transition during a plant’s life cycle includes growth, reproduction, and senescence of its fundamental organs: leaves, flowers, and fruits. Growth and senescence of leaves, flowers, and fruits involve several genetic networks where the phytohormone ethylene plays a key role, together with other hormones, integrating different signals and allowing the onset of conditions favorable for stage progression, reproductive success and organ longevity. Changes in ethylene level, its perception, and the hormonal crosstalk directly or indirectly regulate the lifespan of plants. The present review focused on ethylene’s role in the development and senescence processes in leaves, flowers and fruits, paying special attention to the complex networks of ethylene crosstalk with other hormones. Moreover, aspects with limited information have been highlighted for future research, extending our understanding on the importance of ethylene during growth and senescence and boosting future research with the aim to improve the qualitative and quantitative traits of crops.

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“…Almost every plant tissue is able to produce ET, but in most cases its level is relatively low, only increasing DOI: 10.5586/asbp.3540 in certain periods of the plant development, such as seeds germination, stem and root growth, abscission of flowers and leaves, fruit ripening, as well as senescence [7]. Other phytohormones affect ethylene production as well (auxins, jasmonates, abscisic acid), similarly to biotic and abiotic external factors that, in ways differentiated in terms of time and space, regulate the transcriptional activity of genes encoding enzymes involved in their biosynthesis [8][9][10][11]. For this process, of key importance are the synthases (ACSs) and oxidases (ACOs) of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) that catalyze the transformation of S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM) into ACC and oxidize ACC to ET, respectively [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethylene-dependent effects on generative organ abscission of Lupinus luteus

et al. 2017

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The abscission of certain organs from the plant is part of the fulfilment of its developmental programs. The separation process occurs in a specialized abscission zone usually formed at the base of detached organ. The changing level of phytohormones, particularly ethylene, is the element responsible for coordinating anatomical and physiological transformation that accompanies organ abscission. The application of ethylene (ET) on Lupinus luteus stimulates flower abortion. However, the treatment with 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) -direct ET precursor -does not cause such a strong physiological response. In turn, when applied on the pedicels both ET biosynthesis (2-aminoethoxyvinylglycine; AVG) and action (norbornadiene; NBD) inhibitors reversed the stimulatory effect of ET on generative organ separation. In order to determine ET role in the flower abscission process in L. luteus, we identified the sequences coding for synthase (LlACS) and oxidase (LlACO) of ACC and measured their expression levels. Abscission zone activation is accompanied by a considerable increase both in LlACS and LlACO cDNAs and also ACC content, which is specifically localized in the dividing cells at the base of the flower being detached. Obtained results suggest that ET is a strong stimulator of flower abortion in L. luteus.

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Involvement of the IAA-Regulated ACC Oxidase Gene PnACO3 in Pharbitis Nil Flower Inhibition

Cited by 6 publications

References 29 publications

Above and belowground phenotypic response to exogenous auxin across Arabidopsis thaliana mutants and natural accessions varies from seedling to reproductive maturity

Above and belowground phenotypic response to exogenous auxin across Arabidopsis thaliana mutants and natural accessions varies from seedling to reproductive maturity

Ethylene Role in Plant Growth, Development and Senescence: Interaction with Other Phytohormones

Ethylene-dependent effects on generative organ abscission of Lupinus luteus

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