Involvement of the Eyebrow Fat Pad in Gravesʼ Orbitopathy

Goldberger, Sam; Sarraf, David; Bernstein, Jonathan M; Hurwitz, Jeffrey J.

doi:10.1097/00002341-199406000-00002

Cited by 28 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…61 The supraorbital fat pads enlarge in advanced TAO. 62 This, we believe, is a consequence of both enhanced adipocyte differentiation and proinflammatory cytokine-driven hyaluronan accumulation. We suspect that a similar process is occurring in the premalar fat pads, accounting perhaps for the subtle changes in facial morphologic characteristics that have been attributed to effects of long-term corticosteroid use.…”

Section: Clinical and Therapeutic Consequences Of The Orbital Fibroblmentioning

confidence: 88%

Insights Into the Pathogenesis of Thyroid-Associated Orbitopathy

Kazim

Goldberg²,

Smith³

2002

Arch Ophthalmol

119

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Section: Clinical and Therapeutic Consequences Of The Orbital Fibroblmentioning

confidence: 88%

Insights Into the Pathogenesis of Thyroid-Associated Orbitopathy

Kazim

Goldberg²,

Smith³

2002

Arch Ophthalmol

119

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“…A consistent control of eyelid contour and height, regardless of retraction severity, is promised with the recently published full-thickness anterior blepharotomy [172]. This technique addresses the diffuse full-thickness alterations of the eyelid, including skin and conjunctiva [173,174].…”

Section: Strabismusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid-associated orbitopathy: a clinicopathologic and therapeutic review

Boulos

Hardy²

2004

Current Opinion in Ophthalmology

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“…[1][2][3][4] Thyroid eye disease is known to affect many tissues in the periocular region, classically the orbital fat and extraocular muscles; however, the eyebrow fat pads and other periorbital tissues are often additionally involved. [5][6][7][8] These changes may be secondary to increased fibrosis and/or adipogenesis in the region. Hwang et al 5 demonstrated an increase in fibrosis, fibrous septae, and biologic markers of fibrosis, including insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor β and thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor, in histologic analysis of the eyebrow fat in patients with known TED.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Evaluation of Eyebrow Soft Tissue Expansion in Thyroid Eye Disease

Moore

Rootman

Yeganeh³

et al. 2016

Ophthalmic Plastic &Amp; Reconstructive Surgery

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Purpose: To evaluate the long-term transformation of lateral eyebrow soft tissue in a group of patients with known thyroid eye disease. Methods: A retrospective review of all patients with a known diagnosis of thyroid eye disease with clinical photos available from both their initial diagnosis visit and at least 7 years following their initial visit was performed. Age at diagnosis, sex, disease activity, previous orbital, and eyelid surgery were noted, as was history of treatment with radioactive iodine, steroids, and external beam radiation. The area between the upper eyebrow and upper eyelid crease was evaluated in standardized photographs by a panel of 4 expert, independent, masked observers utilizing a previously published visual grading key. Results: One hundred and four patients met inclusion criteria. Fifteen participants were male and 89 were female. The mean patient age was 50.6 years (±1.21 years), and the mean follow up duration was 10.0 years (±0.23 years). The mean initial photo grade (1.24) was significantly higher than the mean follow up photo grade (1.00; p < 0.01). In logistic regression analyses, only the initial photograph grade was significantly associated with improvement in eyebrow soft tissue appearance (p < 0.01). Medical and surgical treatments were not significantly associated with changes in eyebrow soft tissue appearance (all p > 0.05). Conclusions: Expansion of eyebrow soft tissue may improve over time in patients with thyroid eye disease. This change was not affected by age, sex, disease activity, surgery, or medical therapy.

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Involvement of the Eyebrow Fat Pad in Gravesʼ Orbitopathy

Cited by 28 publications

References 0 publications

Insights Into the Pathogenesis of Thyroid-Associated Orbitopathy

Insights Into the Pathogenesis of Thyroid-Associated Orbitopathy

Thyroid-associated orbitopathy: a clinicopathologic and therapeutic review

Long-Term Evaluation of Eyebrow Soft Tissue Expansion in Thyroid Eye Disease

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