1994
DOI: 10.1097/00002341-199406000-00002
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Involvement of the Eyebrow Fat Pad in Gravesʼ Orbitopathy

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Cited by 28 publications
(11 citation statements)
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“…61 The supraorbital fat pads enlarge in advanced TAO. 62 This, we believe, is a consequence of both enhanced adipocyte differentiation and proinflammatory cytokine-driven hyaluronan accumulation. We suspect that a similar process is occurring in the premalar fat pads, accounting perhaps for the subtle changes in facial morphologic characteristics that have been attributed to effects of long-term corticosteroid use.…”
Section: Clinical and Therapeutic Consequences Of The Orbital Fibroblmentioning
confidence: 88%
“…61 The supraorbital fat pads enlarge in advanced TAO. 62 This, we believe, is a consequence of both enhanced adipocyte differentiation and proinflammatory cytokine-driven hyaluronan accumulation. We suspect that a similar process is occurring in the premalar fat pads, accounting perhaps for the subtle changes in facial morphologic characteristics that have been attributed to effects of long-term corticosteroid use.…”
Section: Clinical and Therapeutic Consequences Of The Orbital Fibroblmentioning
confidence: 88%
“…A consistent control of eyelid contour and height, regardless of retraction severity, is promised with the recently published full-thickness anterior blepharotomy [172]. This technique addresses the diffuse full-thickness alterations of the eyelid, including skin and conjunctiva [173,174].…”
Section: Strabismusmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[1][2][3][4] Thyroid eye disease is known to affect many tissues in the periocular region, classically the orbital fat and extraocular muscles; however, the eyebrow fat pads and other periorbital tissues are often additionally involved. [5][6][7][8] These changes may be secondary to increased fibrosis and/or adipogenesis in the region. Hwang et al 5 demonstrated an increase in fibrosis, fibrous septae, and biologic markers of fibrosis, including insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor β and thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor, in histologic analysis of the eyebrow fat in patients with known TED.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%