Involvement of oxidative stress in the profibrotic action of aldosteroneInteraction with the renin-angiotensin system

Effects of Aldosterone on the Vasculature

“…The decrease in MKP-1 and increase in Ki-ras2A expression were restored by PD98059 or AG1478 (summarized in Figure 2). These results suggest that aldosterone exerts a mitogenic effect synergistic with Ang II and that blockade of both MR and Ang II may provide enhanced protection from vascular remodeling, as already reported by Iglarz et al 56 Ang II and aldosterone stimulate MAP kinase and ROS signaling. 47,55 Jaffe and Mendelsohn 57 showed that Ang II directly activates MRs in human coronary and aortic VSMCs (Figure 2).…”

Redox Control of Renal Function and Hypertension

“…Administration of MR blockade ameliorated the harmful effects of aldosterone administration. It should be noted, however, that levels of the other components of the RAAS were not measured, notably Ang II or the AT 1 R. This is important, as non-(MR)-mediated affects of aldosterone have been demonstrated by other authors (129,258,289). In their next work, these authors did use an MR blocker ϩ AT 1 R blockade to demonstrate the additive effects in lowering blood pressure, oxidative stress, TGF-␤ levels, and kidney damage.…”

Evidence for renoprotection by blockade of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system in hypertension and diabetes

“…Pathways shown to promote aldosterone-induced renal damage include generation of inflammatory cytokines such as MCP-1 and TGF-b, increased production of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, generation of reactive oxygen species, and upregulation of angiotensin II type I receptors, which facilitate the deleterious effects of angiotensin II. [31][32][33] Benefits of aggressive BP control Given the importance of hypertension in renal disease, it is not surprising that antihypertensive therapy has demonstrated benefits in patients with diabetes and/or renal damage. Studies have established the effectiveness of tight BP control for reducing the risk of microalbuminuria in patients with type I or type II diabetes.…”