Involvement of oxidative stress in atherosclerosis development in subjects with sarcopenic obesity

Abstract

SummaryIntroductionCo‐existing decreased muscle mass and increased visceral fat, an age‐associated change called sarcopenic obesity, results in fragility and cardiovascular disease. To assess the pathogenesis of sarcopenic obesity, we assessed the associations of clinical parameters with psoas muscle mass in elderly male subjects with obesity and type 2 diabetes.MethodsThe subjects were 55 patients, over 65 years of age and with a visceral fat area exceeding 100 cm2, with type 2 diabetes. The cross‐sectional area of the psoas muscle is considered to provide an estimation of overall muscle mass. Sarcopenia was considered to be present when the total psoas muscle area was low, defined as a value below 500 mm2 m−2 on a computed tomographic scan.ResultsThe maximum intima‐media thickness (max IMT) and urinary 8‐isoprostane values were significantly higher in the sarcopenic group. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed max IMT to be an independent variable related to muscle mass decline. In addition, logistic analysis showed max IMT and urinary 8‐isoprostane to be variables independently contributing to total psoas muscle area <500 mm2 m−2.ConclusionWorsening surrogate markers for systemic oxidative stress and atherosclerosis were associated with declining muscle mass in elderly subjects with obesity and type 2 diabetes. These results indicate that systemic oxidative stress is among the mechanisms underlying atherosclerosis development in subjects with sarcopenic obesity.

The Critical Role of Oxidative Stress in Sarcopenic Obesity

“…These findings confirm that Os is related to SO [148]. Also, systemic Os is associated with a decline in muscle mass in elderly patients with obesity and T2DM [149]. Furthermore, a study identified biomarkers of inflammation and Os, such as serum adiponectin, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and CRP levels, as being associated with sarcopenia [150].…”

Association of epicardial adipose tissue with serum level of cystatin C in type 2 diabetes

“…The total CACS were analyzed according to the Agatston method [ 15 ] and were determined as previously reported [ 17 ]. The volume of abdominal fat, divided into visceral fat area and subcutaneous fat area, was obtained from CT images scanned at the level of the fourth lumbar vertebra [ 18 ]. Hepatic steatosis was defined as a liver to spleen density ratio below 0.9, based on plain abdominal CT [ 19 ].…”

Effects of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin on blood lipids, platelet aggregation rate and inflammatory factors in patients with cerebral infarction

“…Lipids gradually accumulate in the arterial smooth muscle cells in the vascular smooth muscle, leading to intimal hyperplasia and plaque formation. Inflammation and oxidative stress lead to plaque rupture and arterial invasion, blockage of the lumen by thrombosis and ischemic cerebral infarction [23,24]. Thus, there is a complementary relationship between the level of inflammation and carotid atherosclerotic plaque formation.…”