Involvement of noradrenergic and corticoid receptors in the consolidation of the lasting anxiogenic effects of predator stress

Adamec, Robert E.; Muir, Christopher A.; Grimes, Matthew T.; Pearcey, K.

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2007.02.001

Cited by 99 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Live predators are powerful stimuli that even with short exposures can lead to reliable and relatively long-lasting changes (often seen as facilitation or sensitization) in behavioral and neuroendocrine responses in a variety of situations (Adamec et al, 1998(Adamec et al, , 2007(Adamec et al, , 1999Adamec and Shallow, 1993;Blanchard et al, 1998b;Blundell et al, 2005;Figueiredo et al, 2003). Whether such sensitizing actions take place with predator odors alone has not been investigated extensively, although some reports with cat odor (Adamec et al, 2006) and our work with ferret odor (Masini et al, 2006a) suggest that this might be the case.…”

Section: Subacute and Chronic Effects Of Ferret Odor On Neuroendocrinmentioning

confidence: 88%

Acute and chronic effects of ferret odor exposure in Sprague–Dawley rats

Campeau

Nyhuis

Sasse

et al. 2008

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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This manuscript describes several behavioral and functional studies evaluating the capacity of ferret odors to elicit a number of acute and long-term responses in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Acute presentation elicits multiple responses, suggesting that ferret odor, likely from skin gland secretions, provides an anxiogenic-like stimulus in this strain of rats. Compared to cat odor, however, ferret odor did not produce rapid fear conditioning, a result perhaps attributable to methodological factors. Inactivation of the olfactory system and medial nucleus of the amygdala, combined with induction of the immediate-early gene c-fos, suggest the necessity of the accessory olfactory system in mediating the effects of ferret odor. Repeated exposures to ferret odor produce variable habituation of neuroendocrine and behavioral responses, perhaps indicative of the lack of control over the exact individual origin or concentration of ferret odor. Ferret odor induces rapid and long-term body weight regulation, thymic involution, adrenal hyperplasia and facilitation of the neuroendocrine response to additional challenges. It is argued that the use of such odors is exquisitely suited to investigate the brain regions coordinating anxiety-like responses and the long-term changes elicited by such stimuli.

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Section: Subacute and Chronic Effects Of Ferret Odor On Neuroendocrinmentioning

confidence: 88%

Acute and chronic effects of ferret odor exposure in Sprague–Dawley rats

Campeau

Nyhuis

Sasse

et al. 2008

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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show abstract

“…One such model is exposure to predator odor in rodents, which produces long lasting increases in anxiety like behavior [241][242][243]. The increases in anxiety like behavior following exposure to predator odor is influenced by a long lasting potentiation in BLA activity [243], supporting the role of the amygdala in mediating the consequences of fear and trauma.…”

Section: β-Blockersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The increases in anxiety like behavior following exposure to predator odor is influenced by a long lasting potentiation in BLA activity [243], supporting the role of the amygdala in mediating the consequences of fear and trauma. Propranolol administered 1 minute following exposure to predator odor to rats blocks the development of anxiogenesis in various tests, including the EPM, one week later [241]. However, when propranolol administration is delayed to 1 hour following predator odor exposure, no effects are seen when rats are subsequently tested on the EPM 30 days later [242].…”

Section: β-Blockersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of the Amygdala in Anxiety Disorders

Forster¹,

Novick²,

Scholl³

et al. 2012

The Amygdala - A Discrete Multitasking Manager

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“…Therefore, animal models of PTSD are of a great value for understanding the pathophysiology of PTSD and may assist in the development of novel and potentially more effective treatments or prevention strategies [6,7]. The most commonly used stressor) in animal models of PTSD include escapable/inescapable electric shocks, predator (e.g., cat) exposure, predator scent (e.g., cat litter or cat/fox urine) exposure or prolonged-stress (e.g., serial exposure to multiple intense stressors [8][9][10]]. An alternative model of PTSD addresses the issue of how animal models of PTSD should recreate the variability in human individual differences in behavioral responses to traumatic stress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of GluN1 activated nitric oxide synthase in a rat model of post-traumatic stress disorder

Ayhan¹,

Aykaç²,

Gür³

et al. 2016

Marmara Medical Journal

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Objectives: Activation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and interrelated alterations of calmodulin and ionotropic glutamate receptor (GluN1) levels are unknown in post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Materials and Methods:Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes were exposed to dirty cat litter, and then placed on an elevated plus maze. An anxiety index was calculated and tissue samples from hippocampus and amygdala were prepared in order to detect calmodulin, NOS and GluN1 by immunoblotting. Results:The anxiety indices of the traumatized rats were markedly higher than those of the controls (p<0.05). GluN1 and calmodulin levels were decreased in the dorsal hippocampus and amygdaloid complex of the traumatized rats. NOS expression increased significantly in both the amygdaloid complex and dorsal hippocampus where the increase was statistically more prominent in the amygdaloid complex (p< 0.001) than in the dorsal hippocampus of the traumatized rats (p<0.05). Conclusion:Predator exposure in rats causes long-lasting anxiogenic effects associated with increases in NOS and decreases in GluN1 expressions in brain areas related to PTSD symptoms and excitotoxicity. The results suggest that excitotoxicity occurs through other mechanisms rather than GluN1 receptors.

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Involvement of noradrenergic and corticoid receptors in the consolidation of the lasting anxiogenic effects of predator stress

Cited by 99 publications

References 78 publications

Acute and chronic effects of ferret odor exposure in Sprague–Dawley rats

Acute and chronic effects of ferret odor exposure in Sprague–Dawley rats

The Role of the Amygdala in Anxiety Disorders

The role of GluN1 activated nitric oxide synthase in a rat model of post-traumatic stress disorder

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