Involvement of NFƙB and MAPK signaling pathways in the preventive effects of Ganoderma lucidum on the inflammation of BV-2 microglial cells induced by LPS

Abstract

Ganoderma lucidum extract (GLE) is a potent ancient Asian remedy for the treatment of various diseases. This study investigated GLE preventive effects on LPS-stimulated inflammation of BV-2 microglial cells. The results show that pre-treatment with GLE decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines: G-CSF, IL1-α, MCP-5, MIP3α, and, with a higher effect in MIP3α. In RT-PCR assays, pre-treatment with GLE decreased mRNA expression of CHUK , NFκB1/p150 , and IKBKE (NFƙB signaling), which may be associated with the neuropathology of Alzheimer’s disease. The data show GLE inhibiting ability on pro-inflammatory mediators’ release and suggest a potential role of GLE in neurodegenerative disease prevention.

Postharvest Drying Techniques Regulate Secondary Metabolites and Anti-Neuroinflammatory Activities of Ganoderma lucidum

“…The NF-ĸB response is different at different stages of disease progression in AD; it is involved in the development of plaque and during the signaling of cytokine and inflammation during disease progression. Slowing down the activity of NF-ĸB results in decreased progression of the disease [ 34 ].…”

“…As the concentration increased, the expression of phospho-p65 was inhibited. Moreover, the GL extract also had a inhibitory effect on the activation of MAPK, including p38, JNK, and ERK [ 34 ]. We observed that the heat-dried GL extract had a significantly higher inhibitory effect on NF-κB and MAPK signaling compared to the freeze-dried GL extract, indicating that the inhibitory effect of the GL extract is dependent on the postharvest treatment.…”

“…In our previous study, extraction optimization and ganoderic acid content determination in heat- and freeze-dried GL fruiting bodies were performed, which showed differences in the secondary metabolite contents of the fruiting bodies dried by the two methods [ 32 ]. Several studies that have employed freeze-drying [ 33 ] used methanolic extract [ 34 ] and determined the polysaccharide level [ 35 ] of GL demonstrated that the GL extract reduced the production of proinflammatory cytokines and inflammatory signaling proteins in LPS-treated immune cells such as macrophages. However, little is known about the metabolic constituents and the effect of the optimized ethanolic extract of heat-dried GL on neuroinflammation.…”

Health-Promoting of Polysaccharides Extracted from Ganoderma lucidum

“…Based on the above in vitro studies, it can be assumed that GLP may act in early stages Alzheimer’s disease to reduce inflammation. In a similar study, the effect of G. lucidum fruiting body extract (GLE), which contained a large polysaccharide fraction, was tested on BV2 cell line [ 63 ]. GLE decline the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines in cells by modulating the signaling pathways of NF-ĸB and MAP kinases that regulate the synthesis of proteins involved in inflammatory processes [ 63 ].…”

“…In a similar study, the effect of G. lucidum fruiting body extract (GLE), which contained a large polysaccharide fraction, was tested on BV2 cell line [ 63 ]. GLE decline the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines in cells by modulating the signaling pathways of NF-ĸB and MAP kinases that regulate the synthesis of proteins involved in inflammatory processes [ 63 ]. It is therefore highly probable that G. lucidum fruiting body extract can also play a role in the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases by modulating signaling pathways.…”