Involvement of lncRNAs and Macrophages: Potential Regulatory Link to Angiogenesis

Abstract

Macrophages are involved in angiogenesis, an essential process for organ growth and tissue repair, and could contribute to the pathogenesis of angiogenesis-related diseases such as malignant tumors and diabetic retinopathy. Recently, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been proved to be important in cell differentiation, organismal development, and various diseases of pathological angiogenesis. Moreover, it has been indicated that numerous lncRNAs exhibit different functions in macrophage infiltration and polarization and regulate the secretion of inflammatory cytokines released by macrophages. Therefore, the focus of macrophage-related lncRNAs could be considered to be a potential method in therapeutic targeting angiogenesis-related diseases. This review mainly summarizes the roles played by lncRNAs which associated with macrophages in angiogenesis. The possible mechanisms of the regulatory link between lncRNAs and macrophages in various angiogenesis-related diseases were also discussed.

New Angiogenic Regulators Produced by TAMs: Perspective for Targeting Tumor Angiogenesis

“…Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate infiltration and polarization of macrophages and inflammation by targeting various pathways responsible for the pro-and/or antiinflammatory responses [167]. lncRNAs can modulate the ability of macrophages to regulate angiogenesis.…”

“…Anti-angiogenic VEGF isoform is predominantly expressed in the majority of healthy tissues. In tumors, it is downregulated, resulting in the increased MVD that correlates with tumor progression [165,167]. Diversity of germline variants was described in regulatory region of VEGFA gene [172][173][174].…”

Altered Expressions of Long-noncoding RNAs involved in development and pathogenesis of Child-onset lupus nephritis

“…Although accumulated evidence has that lncRNAs have an essential role in SLE patients, such as lncRNA NONHSAT101022.2 and lncRNA IL21-AS1 in blood samples (18,19), none of them has investigated the role of lncRNAs in child-onset SLE. Approximately 20% of SLE patients with childhood onset exhibit higher disease activity, faster development of organ system damage, and more aggressive therapeutic requirements compared to adult-onset (20,21).…”