Involvement of Lanthanides in the Free Radicals Homeostasis

Abstract

Lanthanides are group of rare-earth elements with growing applications both in the industry and healthcare. Their unique properties impose various possibilities for involvement in electron transfer reactions essential for the cellular survival and health on general. The intensified contact of people with lanthanides and the expanding medicinal applications of their compounds insist more profound knowledge on the involvement in biologically relevant electron transfer reactions. It is well known that the balance between formation and elimination of free radicals in a living body is essential for its health and survival. Any internal or environmental factor that alters this balance alters the homeostasis and this way altering the health status. In the present review, the possibilities of changing the balance between formation and elimination of free radicals, due to introduction of different lanthanides and their complexes with organic ligands, were explored, based on the available information in the literature. It was observed that lanthanides may act either as antioxidants or pro-oxidants, depending on the environment, the nature of the bonding in their compounds, and concentration in the tissues. The opportunities for their application in medicine were related with the abilities to control over their involvement in the overall oxidative status of the body.

Thermal behavior, spectroscopic studies and free radical scavenging potential of some mefenamate trivalent lanthanides (Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb and Dy)

“…The assignments and discussion of the H-Mef and the Na-Mef bands are consistent with literature [11]. The Gd(Mef) 3 assignment was found to be representative (see Table S3). In the cases of the other compounds, the band assignments were the same as that of gadolinium.…”

“…The analytical and thermoanalytical (TG) data on the synthesized compounds is shown in Table 1. These results allowed us to establish the stoichiometry of these compounds, which is in agreement with the general formula Ln(Mef) 3 , where Ln represents trivalent lanthanides (Sm to Dy) and Mef is mefenamate. The thermoanalytical results showed that the compounds were obtained in their anhydrous state.…”

“…Rare earth elements have been studied in order to develop materials for technological applications, mainly because of their thermal behavior and their spectroscopic and magnetic properties [1][2][3][4].…”

“…Antioxidant action is important for the restoration of homeostasis and for treating diseases originating from free radicals [3,13,14]. Some papers have demonstrated that the compounds exhibiting antioxidant activity could be used as anticancer drugs, or as antiaging and anti-inflammatory agents [13][14][15].…”

YCl3 Promotes Neuronal Cell Death by Inducing Apoptotic Pathways in Rats

“…15 REEs, including yttrium, have been biologically evaluated and proved for risk in inducing hypertension in housewives [9]. The possible explanation might be associated with the disturbance of REEs in redox balance, causing chronic oxidative stress damage and cell apoptosis [10]. Another theory may be related to their competition with those important nutritional ions, such as Ca 2+ , Zn 2+ , Mg 2+ , and Cu 2+ [11].…”