Involvement of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> in the occurrence of community and hospital acquired diarrhea, and its virulence diversity among the stool and the environmental samples

Fakhkhari, Parisa; Tajeddin, Elahe; Azimirad, Masoumeh; Salmanzadeh-Ahrabi, Siavosh; Abdi-Ali, Ahya; Nikmanesh, Bahram; Eshrati, Babak; Gouya, Mohammad Mehdí; Owlia, Parviz; Zali, Mohammad Reza; Alebouyeh, Masoud

doi:10.1080/09603123.2020.1726300

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This will lower the mortality rates and economic impact associated with these drug-resistant infections in most developing countries [ 52 , 53 ]. Moreover, several studies have established evidence that the major causes of fatal diarrhoea and bacteria-associated enterocolitis included methicillin-resistant S. aureus [ 54 ] and multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa [ 55 , 56 ]; however, our study findings have shown effectiveness of the crude seed extracts of A. heterophyllus against these same superbugs making it a suitable and cheap alternative remedy to be used in treatment .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Crude Extracts of Artocarpus heterophyllus Seeds against Selected Diarrhoea-Causing Superbug Bacteria

Eve

Aliero

Nalubiri

et al. 2020

The Scientific World Journal

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The current upsurge in resistance to conventional antibiotics, as well as high cost of orthodox medical treatment, called for the use of medicinal plants as an alternative therapy. This research was aimed at determining the antibacterial activity of Artocarpus heterophyllus seed extracts (Jackfruit as it is locally called) in the treatment of diarrhoea. Ethanolic and hexanolic seed crude extracts of the plant were screened for antidiarrhoeal activity against bacteria isolated from clinical samples (methicillin-resistant and susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella typhimurium, and third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli). Plant phytochemical screening was conducted using standard methods. The antibacterial activity was carried out using the agar well diffusion method and compared to the standard antibiotics ceftriaxone and vancomycin. The minimum inhibitory concentration was determined by the microbroth dilution method, whereas the minimum bactericidal concentration was determined by plating out from microtitre plates with no visible growth. The results of phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, reducing sugars, cardiac glycosides, saponins, and steroids from the prepared crude extracts. The ethanolic and hexanolic extracts had activity on multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus with the mean and standard error zone of inhibition that ranged from 8.5 ± 0.5 to 16.5 ± 0.25 mm; however, the extracts were found not to have activity on resistant E. coli and Salmonella typhimurium. The ethanolic crude extract had the lowest MIC and MBC values of 31.25 and 125 mg/ml, respectively, compared to the hexane extract which had the MIC and MBC values of 62.50 and 250 mg/ml, respectively. This provides the evidence for its usage as an alternative herbal remedy for the treatment of diarrhoea caused by susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Crude Extracts of Artocarpus heterophyllus Seeds against Selected Diarrhoea-Causing Superbug Bacteria

Eve

Aliero

Nalubiri

et al. 2020

The Scientific World Journal

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“…S27630 was the predominant contaminant in sheath fluid and was removed from all analysis as it is not a common gut inhabitant. 85 A PCR reaction was set up in triplicate using 2 mL of concentrated bacteria/tube to amplify bacterial V4 hypervariable region of 16S rRNA using barcoded primers described previously. 43 Pooled PCR products were sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform (2 3 250-bp paired-end reads).…”

Section: Bacterial Facs and Sequencingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Potential Role for Stress-Induced Microbial Alterations in IgA-Associated Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea

Rengarajan

Knoop

Rengarajan

et al. 2020

Cell Reports Medicine

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“…Notably, a protease related genes ( lasB ) was also a virulence related factor in Pseudomonas spp. [ 32 ] which might be related to diarrhea symptom in this pilgrim.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Comparative genomics of two Shewanella xiamenensis strains isolated from a pilgrim before and during travels to the Hajj

2021

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Background Shewanella xiamenensis has been reported in water environment and in patients and can act as the originator of oxacillinase in gram-negative bacteria. In order to assess genome plasticity and its functional properties related diarrhea symptoms in pilgrim, comparisons of draft genome sequences of the two isolates were conducted with other closely related genomes. Results We isolated S. xiamenensis 111B and 111D strains from a pilgrim before travels to the Hajj and during travels with diarrhea symptom, respectively. Whole-genome sequencing showed that draft genome size of 111B strain was 5,008,191 bp, containing 49 kb of a putative plasmid. The genome size of 111D was 4,964,295 bp containing 225 kb of a putative plasmid that shared the backbone sequences with the hospital wastewater strain T17. Comparatively, two Hajj strains are identical at 97.3% identity and 98.7% coverage. They are closely related to river water strain, AS58 by SNPs analysis. Notably, a novel blaOXA-48 allele blaOXA-547 was identified in 111D, sharing 99.5% identity with blaOXA-546 and blaOXA-894. Multiple copies of virulence specific genes, such as capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis, O-antigen and lasB (vibriolysin related gene) have been identified specifically in 111D, but absent in 111B strain. Conclusions The whole genome sequences of S. xiamenensis strain 111B and 111D, including comparative genomic analysis, highlight here the potential for virulence factors that might be related to the cause of diarrhea in humans and also indicate the possible acquisition of pathogenic bacteria, including antibiotic resistance genes or plasmids during the Hajj.

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Involvement of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the occurrence of community and hospital acquired diarrhea, and its virulence diversity among the stool and the environmental samples

Cited by 18 publications

References 26 publications

In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Crude Extracts of Artocarpus heterophyllus Seeds against Selected Diarrhoea-Causing Superbug Bacteria

In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Crude Extracts of Artocarpus heterophyllus Seeds against Selected Diarrhoea-Causing Superbug Bacteria

A Potential Role for Stress-Induced Microbial Alterations in IgA-Associated Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea

Comparative genomics of two Shewanella xiamenensis strains isolated from a pilgrim before and during travels to the Hajj

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