Involvement of HLA class II molecules in acquisition of staphylococcal enterotoxin A-binding activity and accessory cell activity in activation of human T cells by related toxins in vascular endothelial cells

Uchiyama, Takehiko; Araake, Minako; Yan, Xiao‐Jie; Miyanaga, Y; Igarashi, Hideo

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.1992.tb02995.x

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, SAgs trigger cytokine release from activated APCs via MHC class II and mucosal cell barrier disruption [26,27]. Clinically, SAgs result in hypotension by binding directly to MHC class II on endothelial cells which then interact with SEB or TSST-1 and cause the release of vasoactive mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) from host leukocytes [28][29][30]. In the present study, we address SFP and TSS caused by SEs and TSST-1, respectively, although SAgs have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a various human diseases including Kawasaki disease, atopic dermatitis and airway allergies [14,31,32].…”

Section: Staphylococcus Aureus Toxins: Basic Concepts Of Their Pathogmentioning

confidence: 99%

Staphylococcus aureus Toxins: From Their Pathogenic Roles to Anti-virulence Therapy Using Natural Products

Kim

2019

Biotechnol Bioproc E

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Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) produces a wide variety of toxins that cause various diseases in humans. S. aureus toxins are divided into three categories; (i) superantigens (SAgs) that interfere with receptor function and cause toxic shock syndrome (TSS) or staphylococcal food poisoning (SFP), (ii) exfoliative toxins (ETs) that destroy epidermal barrier functions and cause staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS), and (iii) cytotoxins that cause cell lysis. Recently, anti-toxin neutralizing agents have been engineered and proven to be effective in preventing or treating staphylococcal diseases. However, neutralization of a single toxin may not sufficiently protect the host from S. aureus infection. Biofilm formation and the pathogenesis of S. aureus are closely associated with accessory gene regulator-quorum sensing (agr-QS) system that controls the expressions of many virulence factors including exotoxins. In addition to anti-toxin antibodies, indirect approaches involving targeting of the agr-QS system are considered a novel means of inhibiting the virulence of S. aureus and controlling various diseases caused by the pathogen. This review summarizes basic concepts of the pathogenic roles of S. aureus toxins, the molecular features of the agr-QS system, and of natural product-based anti-virulence therapies that target virulence, rather than growth.

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Section: Staphylococcus Aureus Toxins: Basic Concepts Of Their Pathogmentioning

confidence: 99%

Staphylococcus aureus Toxins: From Their Pathogenic Roles to Anti-virulence Therapy Using Natural Products

Kim

2019

Biotechnol Bioproc E

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“…An example of the degranulation of mast cells, it may be triggered by SEs via direct binding to receptors on these cells rather than through the typical immunoglobulin E-mediated process of mast cell activation [91]. Further, MHC class II molecules have been implicated as the receptors on endothelial cells that interact with TSST-1 or SEB [92][93][94]. SEB, in addition, caused barrier dysfunction and cytotoxic injury to monolayers of bovine or human pulmonary artery endothelial cells [95].…”

Section: Ptsags Family Of Exotoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Nanoparticles as Therapy for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections

Liu¹,

Lo²,

Chen³

et al. 2009

CDM

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Staphylococcal infection can cause a wide range of diseases resulting either from staphylococcal bacteria invasion or through toxin production. The majority of infections caused by staphylococci are due to Staphylococcus aureus. Moreover, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus has recently been considered to be one of the major causes of hospital-acquired infections. The treatment of staphylococci infections is difficult because increased antibiotic resistant strains have become more common, increasing the risk of serious health penalty. Delivery of antibiotics via nanoparticles is a promising therapy, as a drug delivery mechanism, particularly for controlled release or depot delivery of drugs to decrease the number of doses required to achieve a clinical effect. This review emphasized the potential of nanoparticles in the targeted antibiotics for therapy of staphylococcal infections.

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“…Based on antigenic heterogeneity, more than 20 SEs (SEA-SElV) have been discovered [81,84,85]. Although the receptors involved in the emetic response to SEs have not been discovered, clinical signs of SFP have been linked to inflammatory mediators, such as leukotriene B4 and prostaglandin E2, both of which are produced in response to SEs [86,87]. The stomach and upper small intestine present the most significant mucosa lesions, which are associated with neutrophil infiltrates in the epithelium and lamina propria, whereas the jejunum exhibits broken brush boundaries and enlarged crypts [88].…”

Section: Staphylococcal Enterotoxins (Ses)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Staphylococcus aureus Toxins: An Update on Their Pathogenic Properties and Potential Treatments

Ahmad-Mansour

Loubet

Pouget

et al. 2021

Toxins

158

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Staphylococcus aureus is a clinically important pathogen that causes a wide range of human infections, from minor skin infections to severe tissue infection and sepsis. S. aureus has a high level of antibiotic resistance and is a common cause of infections in hospitals and the community. The rising prevalence of community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA), combined with the important severity of S. aureus infections in general, has resulted in the frequent use of anti-staphylococcal antibiotics, leading to increasing resistance rates. Antibiotic-resistant S. aureus continues to be a major health concern, necessitating the development of novel therapeutic strategies. S. aureus uses a wide range of virulence factors, such as toxins, to develop an infection in the host. Recently, anti-virulence treatments that directly or indirectly neutralize S. aureus toxins have showed promise. In this review, we provide an update on toxin pathogenic characteristics, as well as anti-toxin therapeutical strategies.

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Involvement of HLA class II molecules in acquisition of staphylococcal enterotoxin A-binding activity and accessory cell activity in activation of human T cells by related toxins in vascular endothelial cells

Cited by 12 publications

References 34 publications

Staphylococcus aureus Toxins: From Their Pathogenic Roles to Anti-virulence Therapy Using Natural Products

Staphylococcus aureus Toxins: From Their Pathogenic Roles to Anti-virulence Therapy Using Natural Products

Use of Nanoparticles as Therapy for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections

Staphylococcus aureus Toxins: An Update on Their Pathogenic Properties and Potential Treatments

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