Involvement of FoxM1 in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Recurrence

Abstract

Background: Predictive biomarkers for lung cancer recurrence after curative tumor resection remain unclear. This study set out to assess the role of FoxM1 in the recurrence of non-small cell lung cancer. Methods: Immunohistochemistry for FoxM1 expression was performed on paraffin-embedded tumor tissues from 165 NSCLC patients. Association of FoxM1 expression with clinicopathological parameters and disease free survival were evaluated. Results: Our results indicated FoxM1 expression to be significantly associated with poorer tissue differentiation (P =0.03), higher TNM stage (P <0.01), lymph node metastasis (P <0.01), advanced tumor stage (P <0.01), and poorer disease free survival (P <0.01). Multivariable analysis showed that FoxM1 expression increased the hazard of recurrence (hazard ratio= 1.96, 95% CI, 1.04-3.17, P <0.05), indicating that FoxM1 is an independent and significant predictor of lung cancer recurrence. Conclusion: Therefore, FoxM1 is an independent risk factor for recurrence of NSCLC. Elevated FoxM1 expression could be used as an indicator of poor disease free survival.

FoxM1 as a Novel Therapeutic Target for Cancer Drug Therapy

“…In colon cancer, gastric cancer and lung cancer, higher expression of FoxM1 also accounted for the increased incidence of lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis (Li et al, 2009;Xu et al, 2012;Li et al, 2013a). Thus, the increased tumor progression and aggressiveness would eventually affect the prognosis of these cancer patients.…”

“…For example, in lung cancer, liver cancer and thyroid cancer, FoxM1 was correlated with the more aggressive phenotypes, including poor differentiation, advanced stage, larger tumor size and more tumor numbers (Yang et al, 2009;Sun et al, 2011b;Ahmed et al, 2012;Xia et al, 2012b;Xu et al, 2012). In colon cancer, gastric cancer and lung cancer, higher expression of FoxM1 also accounted for the increased incidence of lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis (Li et al, 2009;Xu et al, 2012;Li et al, 2013a).…”

Comprehensive Expression Analysis Suggests Functional Overlapping of Human FOX Transcription Factors in Cancer

“…Down-regulation of FOXM1 in laryngeal squamous carcinoma cells resulted in an inhibition of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, which indicated that inhibition of FOXM1 represents an attractive target for cancer therapy (Chen et al, 2011). Xu et al (2012) indicated that FOXM1 expression in tumor tissue had clinical significance for predicting recurrence in patients with non-small cell lung cancer after tumor surgery. FOXO1 gene is located within the commonly deleted region in prostate cancer and the expression FOXO1 is frequently down regulated in prostate cancer (Dong et al, 2006).…”

Prognostic significance of FoxM1 expression in non-small cell lung cancer

“…Seven studies (22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28) published between 2009 and 2014 were eligible for this meta-analysis. All reported the prognostic value of FoxM1 status for survival in lung cancer patients.…”