Involvement of ethylene in wheat resistance to infection by Pyricularia oryzae

Rodrigues, Flávia Caroline Torres; Aucique‐Pérez, Carlos Eduardo; Fontes, Belchor; Ribeiro, Dimas M.

doi:10.1016/j.pmpp.2020.101526

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…However, it is well known that treatment of plants with ethylene increases either susceptibility or resistance, depending on the plant–pathogen interaction, and on the conditions of the interaction. Thus, ethylene enhanced the resistance of rice to Magnaporthe oryzae [ 58 ], but increased the susceptibility of rice to Cochliobolus miyabeanus [ 12 ] and of wheat to Pyricularia oryzae [ 59 ]. The role of ethylene has been extensively studied using plant mutants affected in ethylene production or signaling [ 60 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethylene-Cytokinin Interaction Determines Early Defense Response of Wheat against Stagonospora nodorum Berk.

et al. 2021

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Ethylene, salicylic acid (SA), and jasmonic acid are the key phytohormones involved in plant immunity, and other plant hormones have been demonstrated to interact with them. The classic phytohormone cytokinins are important participants of plant defense signaling. Crosstalk between ethylene and cytokinins has not been sufficiently studied as an aspect of plant immunity and is addressed in the present research. We compared expression of the genes responsible for hormonal metabolism and signaling in wheat cultivars differing in resistance to Stagonospora nodorum in response to their infection with fungal isolates, whose virulence depends on the presence of the necrotrophic effector SnTox3. Furthermore, we studied the action of the exogenous cytokinins, ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid, ethylene-releasing agent) and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP, inhibitor of ethylene action) on infected plants. Wheat susceptibility was shown to develop due to suppression of reactive oxygen species production and decreased content of active cytokinins brought about by SnTox3-mediated activation of the ethylene signaling pathway. SnTox3 decreased cytokinin content most quickly by its activated glucosylation in an ethylene-dependent manner and, furthermore, by oxidative degradation and inhibition of biosynthesis in ethylene-dependent and ethylene-independent manners. Exogenous zeatin application enhanced wheat resistance against S. nodorum through inhibition of the ethylene signaling pathway and upregulation of SA-dependent genes. Thus, ethylene inhibited triggering of SA-dependent resistance mechanism, at least in part, by suppression of the cytokinin signaling pathway.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethylene-Cytokinin Interaction Determines Early Defense Response of Wheat against Stagonospora nodorum Berk.

et al. 2021

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“…The reduction of MLB symptoms in the leaves of +Si plants was closely linked to a higher pool of photosynthetic pigments (Chl a+b and carotenoids) at 156 hai, a later stage on B. maydis infection process, evidencing less damage to the photosynthetic apparatus. Previous studies emphasized that Si played a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of chloroplasts in the leaves of plants exposed to cellular oxidative stress caused by pathogens infection, which resulted in the preservation of the pool of photosynthetic pigments [17,18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This biochemical analysis allowed us to link the changes in the pool of these metabolites with the capacity of +Si plants to respond more efficiently against B. maydis infection. For inoculated plants, MDA (18,27, and 28% at 60, 108, and 156 hai, respectively), H2O2 (15,15, and 24% at 60, 108, and 156 hai, respectively), and O2 •− (62, 33, and 29% at 60, 108, and 156 hai, respectively) concentrations were significantly lower for +Si plants compared to inoculated −Si plants (Figure 9b,d,f). For −Si plants, MDA (8,44, and 34% at 12, 108, and 156 hai, respectively), H2O2 (25% at 156 hai), and O2 •− (47-68% from 12 to 156 hai) were significantly higher for inoculated plants compared to non-inoculated plants (Figure 9).…”

Section: Concentrations Of Mda H2o2 and O2 •−mentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Carbohydratesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The photosynthetic parameters obtained by performing leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements in the different organs of plants (e.g., roots, vascular system, leaves, and fruits) facing infection by pathogens of different lifestyles are good physiological indicators of their prompt defense against them [17,18]. Generally, plants supplied with Si display better photosynthetic performance and maintain the pool of photosynthetic pigments [18]. For instance, maize plants supplied with Si showed more operative photosynthetic machinery and more efficient antioxidant metabolism during infection by Exserohilum turcicum and Stenocarpella macrospora [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physiological and Biochemical Aspects of Silicon-Mediated Resistance in Maize against Maydis Leaf Blight

Lata-Tenesaca,

Oliveira,

Barros

et al. 2024

Plants

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Maydis leaf blight (MLB), caused by the necrotrophic fungus Bipolaris maydis, has caused considerable yield losses in maize production. The hypothesis that maize plants with higher foliar silicon (Si) concentration can be more resistant against MLB was investigated in this study. This goal was achieved through an in-depth analysis of the photosynthetic apparatus (parameters of leaf gas exchange chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence and photosynthetic pigments) changes in activities of defense and antioxidative enzymes in leaves of maize plants with (+Si; 2 mM) and without (−Si; 0 mM) Si supplied, as well as challenged and not with B. maydis. The +Si plants showed reduced MLB symptoms (smaller lesions and lower disease severity) due to higher foliar Si concentration and less production of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and radical anion superoxide compared to −Si plants. Higher values for leaf gas exchange (rate of net CO2 assimilation, stomatal conductance to water vapor, and transpiration rate) and Chl a fluorescence (variable-to-maximum Chl a fluorescence ratio, photochemical yield, and yield for dissipation by downregulation) parameters along with preserved pool of chlorophyll a+b and carotenoids were noticed for infected +Si plants compared to infected −Si plants. Activities of defense (chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, polyphenoloxidase, peroxidase, and lipoxygenase) and antioxidative (ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione reductase) enzymes were higher for infected +Si plants compared to infected −Si plants. Collectively, this study highlights the importance of using Si to boost maize resistance against MLB considering the more operative defense reactions and the robustness of the antioxidative metabolism of plants along with the preservation of their photosynthetic apparatus.

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Silicon-mediated resistance in maize against infection by Colletotrichum graminicola

Mochko,

Silva,

Oliveira

et al. 2024

Plant Soil

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Involvement of ethylene in wheat resistance to infection by Pyricularia oryzae

Cited by 6 publications

References 50 publications

Ethylene-Cytokinin Interaction Determines Early Defense Response of Wheat against Stagonospora nodorum Berk.

Ethylene-Cytokinin Interaction Determines Early Defense Response of Wheat against Stagonospora nodorum Berk.

Physiological and Biochemical Aspects of Silicon-Mediated Resistance in Maize against Maydis Leaf Blight

Silicon-mediated resistance in maize against infection by Colletotrichum graminicola

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