Involvement of Enterotoxins G and I in Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome and Staphylococcal Scarlet Fever

Jarraud, Sophie; Cozon, G.; Vandenesch, François; Bes, Michèle; Étienne, Jérôme; Lina, Gérard

doi:10.1128/jcm.37.8.2446-2449.1999

Cited by 187 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The observed co-existence of sed and sej is also consistent with previous reports (Zhang et al 1998). Earlier studies have demonstrated that seg and sei are located in tandem and on the ecg locus of S. aureus (Jarraud et al 1999(Jarraud et al , 2001Monday and Bohach 2001). In the present study however, 18 isolates were positive for either sei or seg suggesting either that these genes do not always co-exist, or that sequence differences affect primer binding.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

EnterotoxigenicStaphylococcus aureusin bulk milk in Norway

Jørgensen

Mørk²,

Høgåsen

et al. 2005

Journal of Applied Microbiology

170

103

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Aims: To investigate the presence of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus in bulk milk and in a selection of raw milk products. Methods and results: Samples of bovine (n ¼ 220) and caprine (n ¼ 213) bulk milk, and raw milk products (n ¼ 82) were analysed for S. aureus. Isolates were tested for staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) production (SEA-SED) by reversed passive latex agglutination and for SE genes (sea-see, seg-sej) by multiplex PCR. Staphylococcus aureus was detected in 165 (75%) bovine and 205 (96AE2%) caprine bulk milk samples and in 31 (37AE8%) raw milk product samples. Enterotoxin production was observed in 22AE1% and 57AE3% of S. aureus isolates from bovine and caprine bulk milk, respectively, while SE genes were detected in 52AE5% of the bovine and 55AE8% of the caprine bulk milk isolates. SEC and sec were most commonly detected. A greater diversity of SE genes were observed in bovine vs caprine isolates. Conclusions: Staphylococcus aureus seems highly prevalent in Norwegian bulk milk and isolates frequently produce SEs and contain SE genes. Enterotoxigenic S. aureus were also found in raw milk products. Significance and Impact of the Study: Staphylococcus aureus in Norwegian bovine and caprine bulk milk may constitute a risk with respect to staphylococcal food poisoning from raw milk products.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

EnterotoxigenicStaphylococcus aureusin bulk milk in Norway

Jørgensen

Mørk²,

Høgåsen

et al. 2005

Journal of Applied Microbiology

170

103

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“…The seg and sei genes were detected in SEA-SEE, SEH, and TSST-1-negative strains isolated from patients diagnosed with TSS or staphylococcal scarlet fever (SSF). Therefore, SEG and SEI toxins may be associated with SSF and TSS (Jarraud et al 1999;Monday and Bohach 2001;Omoe et al 2002;Kikuchi et al 2003). Our results also revealed that 73 isolates (22% of total strains), including the combination of seg and sei genes, harboured seg-sei either alone (n ¼ 10) or in combination with other toxin genes (n ¼ 63).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Molecular analysis of Staphylococcus aureus isolates associated with staphylococcal food poisoning in South Korea

et al. 2006

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Aims: To investigate the molecular epidemiological study of Staphylococcus aureus from staphylococcal food poisoning (SFP) incidents in South Korea. Methods and Results: Three hundred and thirty‐two strains isolated from ten provinces between June 1999 and January 2002 were characterized by staphylococcal enterotoxin genes, toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (tst) gene, and exfoliative toxin genes. Toxin genotypes were sea‐seh (n = 197), sea (n = 51), sea‐seg‐sei (n = 14), seg‐sei (n = 10), seb (n = 10), seb‐sed‐seg‐sei‐sej (n = 3), sea‐seg‐seh‐sei (n = 1), sea‐seb (n = 1), sea‐sec (n = 1), seg‐sei plus eta (n = 4), and sea‐seg‐sei plus tst (n = 40). Most of the strains could be classified into three clusters of pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) types A and B with coagulase type VII and type E with coagulase type IV. Of the ten sequence types (ST), ST1, ST59, and ST30 were frequently showed by multilocus sequence typing. Conclusions: The strain belonging to PFGE pattern A with sea‐seh gene, coagulase VII, and ST1 was the most epidemic clone of SFP incidents in Korea.

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“…These results are comparable to data shown by Jarraud et al [22] in which 57% of the investigated strains from nasal carriers harbored the genes seg and sei. These authors previously reported that seg and sei are present in S. aureus in tandem orientation on a 3.2 kb DNA fragment [23]. The seg and sei genes were present in most strains (67%) associated with suppurative infections [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Distribution of virulence genes ofStaphylococcus aureusisolated from stable nasal carriers

Nashev

Toshkova

Salasia

et al. 2004

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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In the present study, we report data on virulence determinants of Staphylococcus aureus from stable nasal carriers, emphasizing on the genes encoding fibronectin (fnbA, fnbB) and collagen (cna) adhesive molecules. Of the 44 S. aureus isolates included, 32 isolates (16 pairs) were cultured from the anterior nares of 16 healthy carriers, eight isolates (four pairs) were collected from the nose of four patients with recurrent skin infections and four isolates were obtained from the infection site of these patients. The period between the two nasal swabs taken was 3-5 days. The persistency of carriage could be demonstrated by the indistinguishable genotypic characteristics of the S. aureus isolates in each pair. This could be shown by determination of gene polymorphisms of coa gene and the X-region and IgG-binding region encoding segments of spa gene. In addition, the isolates within the pairs showed identical toxin patterns. This was determined by PCR amplification of the genes encoding staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEA to SEJ) and TSST-1. The genotypic properties also yielded an identity between persistent nasal carriage isolates and the corresponding skin infection isolates of the four patients. In addition, all S. aureus nasal and skin infection isolates were positive for gene fnbA, fnbB and cna could be found with a high frequency. Among the 44 isolates investigated, 16 isolates (36.7%) harbored gene fnbB and 21 isolates (47.7%) gene cna. The data in the present study showed a relatively wide distribution of the genes fnb and cna among the investigated isolates, indicating that the persistent carriage of strains harboring these virulence determinants may increase the risk for subsequent invasive infections in carriers.

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Involvement of Enterotoxins G and I in Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome and Staphylococcal Scarlet Fever

Cited by 187 publications

References 35 publications

EnterotoxigenicStaphylococcus aureusin bulk milk in Norway

EnterotoxigenicStaphylococcus aureusin bulk milk in Norway

Molecular analysis of Staphylococcus aureus isolates associated with staphylococcal food poisoning in South Korea

Distribution of virulence genes ofStaphylococcus aureusisolated from stable nasal carriers

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