Involvement of cytokinins in the germination of chick-pea seeds

Villalobos, Nieves; Martı́n, Luisa

doi:10.1007/bf00024567

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Cytokinins are plant hormones that have been isolated from a number of species and, in germinating seedlings they are known to be synthesized by the embryonic axes (Villalobos and Martin 1992). Cytokinins may also be involved in post-germination processes such as root and hypocotyl growth (Singh and Sawhney 1992).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pea PR 10.1 is a Ribonuclease and its Transgenic Expression Elevates Cytokinin Levels

et al. 2006

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The constitutive expression of a cDNA encoding a pea (Pisum sativum L.) PR 10 protein in Brassica napus leading to an enhancement of germination under saline conditions has been previously reported. In order to understand the biochemical function of this pea PR 10 protein, its cDNA has been expressed in Escherichia coli and the recombinant protein purified to homogeneity. Ribonuclease activity of the recombinant pea PR 10 protein has been demonstrated for the first time using an insolution as well as an in-gel RNA degradation assay. Furthermore, in order to characterize the changes brought about as a result of the constitutive expression of the pea PR 10 cDNA in B. napus, we have measured the endogenous concentrations of several phytohormones. Increased cytokinin and, decreased abscisic acid (ABA) were observed in 7-day-old transgenic seedlings whereas no significant changes in the concentrations of gibberellin (GA) or indoleacetic acid (IAA) were observed at this stage of growth and development. The potential role(s) of PR 10 proteins with RNase activity and elevated cytokinins during plant stress responses as well as the possible relationship between PR 10 protein and changes in cytokinin concentrations are discussed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pea PR 10.1 is a Ribonuclease and its Transgenic Expression Elevates Cytokinin Levels

et al. 2006

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“…Cytokinins have been isolated from seeds of a number of species (Thomas 1980) and the embryonic axis has been suggested as the major site of cytokinin synthesis in germinating seeds (Villalobos and Martin 1992). Removal of the embryonic axis can be countered by exogenous cytokinin substitution (Letham 1978).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ZR was most effective in the mobilization of carbohydrates, Z regulated protein and to a lesser extent, carbohydrates while iP was active in lipid mobilization. The O-glucosides were considered storage forms (Villalobos and Martin 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Endogenous Cytokinins During Germination and Seedling Establishment of Tagetes minuta L.

et al. 2005

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Endogenous cytokinins were quantified and identified in germinating achenes and developing seedlings of Tagetes minuta L. incubated at 25°C over a 144 h period. The process of germination (radicle emergence) was completed 38 h after commencement of imbibition. Subsequent growth was considered to cover seedling establishment. Eighteen isoprenoid cytokinins, belonging to the zeatin (9), dihyrozeatin (5) and isopentenyladenine (4) groups and one aromatic cytokinin, benzyladenine, were identified. The total isoprenoid cytokinin concentration increased upon imbibition, reached a peak by 48 h and subsequently decreased with seedling development. The individual cytokinin groups and the respective derivatives within each group did, however, not follow such a consistent trend. During the course of the experiment, the ribotides and ribosides were present in the highest concentrations, reaching a peak at 48 h and decreasing thereafter. The free bases and O-glucoside remained at low levels throughout the experiment. Isopentenyladenine-9-glucoside increased dramatically in the developing seedlings and after 144 h was the predominate cytokinin. Benzyladenine was the only aromatic cytokinin detected throughout the experiment. It was present in high concentrations in the dry achenes and declined rapidly upon imbibition.Abbreviations: ABA

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“…The cytokinins synthesized by the embryonic axis of lupin, and which are also transported unidirectionally to the cotyledons [46], were shown to be highly stable and to induce cotyledon expansion and chlorophyll synthesis [47]. Further, the regulation of reserve mobilization in yellow lupin seeds and in germinating chick-peas, appears to be mediated, at least in part, by cytokinin emanating from the embryonic axis [49,50]. Differential activity of different cytokinin forms has also been suggested in germinating chick-pea with zeatin riboside (ZR) affecting the mobilisation of carbohydrate, whereas zeatin (Z) had more impact on the protein in the cotyledons; isopentenyl adenine (iP) affected only the metabolism of carbohydrates, whereas iPR (iP riboside) mainly affected lipid metabolism [50,51].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, the regulation of reserve mobilization in yellow lupin seeds and in germinating chick-peas, appears to be mediated, at least in part, by cytokinin emanating from the embryonic axis [49,50]. Differential activity of different cytokinin forms has also been suggested in germinating chick-pea with zeatin riboside (ZR) affecting the mobilisation of carbohydrate, whereas zeatin (Z) had more impact on the protein in the cotyledons; isopentenyl adenine (iP) affected only the metabolism of carbohydrates, whereas iPR (iP riboside) mainly affected lipid metabolism [50,51]. Interestingly, all enzymes of the isoprenoid pathway have increased in activity within 2 to 6 h from the start of imbibition [52], providing precursors to the cytokinin biosynthetic machinery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokinins and Expression of SWEET, SUT, CWINV and AAP Genes Increase as Pea Seeds Germinate

Jameson

Dhandapani

Novák

et al. 2016

IJMS

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Transporter genes and cytokinins are key targets for crop improvement. These genes are active during the development of the seed and its establishment as a strong sink. However, during germination, the seed transitions to being a source for the developing root and shoot. To determine if the sucrose transporter (SUT), amino acid permease (AAP), Sugar Will Eventually be Exported Transporter (SWEET), cell wall invertase (CWINV), cytokinin biosynthesis (IPT), activation (LOG) and degradation (CKX) gene family members are involved in both the sink and source activities of seeds, we used RT-qPCR to determine the expression of multiple gene family members, and LC-MS/MS to ascertain endogenous cytokinin levels in germinating Pisum sativum L. We show that genes that are actively expressed when the seed is a strong sink during its development, are also expressed when the seed is in the reverse role of being an active source during germination and early seedling growth. Cytokinins were detected in the imbibing seeds and were actively biosynthesised during germination. We conclude that, when the above gene family members are targeted for seed yield improvement, a downstream effect on subsequent seed germination or seedling vigour must be taken into consideration.

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Involvement of cytokinins in the germination of chick-pea seeds

Cited by 10 publications

References 38 publications

Pea PR 10.1 is a Ribonuclease and its Transgenic Expression Elevates Cytokinin Levels

Pea PR 10.1 is a Ribonuclease and its Transgenic Expression Elevates Cytokinin Levels

Changes in Endogenous Cytokinins During Germination and Seedling Establishment of Tagetes minuta L.

Cytokinins and Expression of SWEET, SUT, CWINV and AAP Genes Increase as Pea Seeds Germinate

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