Involvement of cell proliferation and cell enlargement in increasing the fruit size of Malus species

Harada, Takeo; Kurahashi, Wakako; Yanai, Masumi; Wakasa, Yuhya; Satoh, Takashi

doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2005.02.006

Cited by 113 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…2B). These data are in good agreement with the small amount of data available elsewhere concerning tomato pericarp (Bohner and Bangerth, 1988;Cong et al, 2002) and other fleshy fruits (Coombe, 1976;Gray et al, 1999;Higashi et al, 1999;Harada et al, 2005). They also indicate that the 20 tomato genotypes display a broad range of values, from 1 to 14, for their mean pericarp cell volume at the end of fruit growth.…”

Section: Ploidy Analysis In Tomato Fruitsupporting

confidence: 89%

Cell Expansion and Endoreduplication Show a Large Genetic Variability in Pericarp and Contribute Strongly to Tomato Fruit Growth

et al. 2005

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Postanthesis growth of tomato (Solanum lycopersicon) as of many types of fruit relies on cell division and cell expansion, so that some of the largest cells to be found in plants occur in fleshy fruit. Endoreduplication is known to occur in such materials, which suggests its involvement in cell expansion, although no data have demonstrated this hypothesis as yet. We have analyzed pattern formation, cell size, and ploidy in tomato fruit pericarp. A first set of data was collected in one cherry tomato line throughout fruit development. A second set of data was obtained from 20 tomato lines displaying a large weight range in fruit, which were compared as ovaries at anthesis and as fully grown fruit at breaker stage. A remarkable conservation of pericarp pattern, including cell layer number and cell size, is observed in all of the 20 tomato lines at anthesis, whereas large variations of growth occur afterward. A strong, positive correlation, combining development and genetic diversity, is demonstrated between mean cell size and ploidy, which holds for mean cell diameters from 10 to 350 mm (i.e. a 32,000-times volume variation) and for mean ploidy levels from 3 to 80 C. Fruit weight appears also significantly correlated with cell size and ploidy. These data provide a framework of pericarp patterning and growth. They strongly suggest the quantitative importance of polyploidy-associated cell expansion as a determinant of fruit weight in tomato.

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Section: Ploidy Analysis In Tomato Fruitsupporting

confidence: 89%

Cell Expansion and Endoreduplication Show a Large Genetic Variability in Pericarp and Contribute Strongly to Tomato Fruit Growth

et al. 2005

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“…Most studies on apples have found negative correlation between mean fruit weight and crop load (Elfving and Schechter, 1993;Embree et al, 2007;Wright et al, 2006). This is due to the fact that fruit size is mainly determined by the number of cells per fruit and their subsequent enlargement (Harada et al, 2005), and both factors are affected by the competition for carbon between developing fruits as crop load increases (Ho, 1992). In the Argentinean apple fresh market, only fruits with diameter up to 61 mm can be sold (SENASA, 1983).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crop loading studies on ‘Caricia’ and ‘Eva’ apples grown in a mild winter area

Castro

Álvarez

Gabriel

et al. 2015

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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ABSTRACT:The crop load level of an apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) tree impacts fruit yield and quality parameters, tree vigor and biennial bearing. The optimal crop load is that which allows for consistent annual cropping and fruit quality acceptable to the market. We evaluated the effect of crop load on yield and fruit quality of two low-chill apples cv. 'Caricia' and 'Eva', growing in a mild winter area. During 2010 and 2011 crop load was manually adjusted from 2 or 3 to 17 fruits cm −2 of trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA). Fruit yield was positively related to crop load in both cultivars but mean fruit weight diminished as the crop load increased. For both cultivars, the production of non-commercial and small-sized fruit increased, whereas production of middlesized fruit diminished as the fruit load increased. Shoot length was not affected by crop load in 'Eva' whereas it was reduced in 'Caricia'. Red skin color (RSC %) had a quadratic response to crop load in 'Caricia'. On the other hand, the RSC % of 'Eva' fruit was adjusted to a negative logarithmic model as an effect of crop load increment. No biennial bearing was observed in either cultivar. This research study suggests that the maximum limit of crop load for both cultivars is 7 fruits cm −2 of TCSA, and the lower limit of crop load was 3 fruits cm −2 of TCSA for 'Eva' and 5 fruits cm −2 of TCSA for 'Caricia'.

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“…lular processes that produce the final size of fleshy fruits (Gillaspy et al 1993). Comparative studies attribute cultivar fruit size variation to cell number (Scorza et al 1991;Yamaguchi et al 2004;Olmstead et al 2007;Quilot and Génard 2008;Hammami et al 2011) or both cell number and size when wild genotypes are included in the comparison (Yamaguchi et al 2002;Harada et al 2005). However, although exocarp cell activity is considered to be a relevant component of fruit development (Gillaspy et al 1993;Lemaire-Chamley et al 2005;Fu et al 2010), it has generally not been considered in studies of fruit growth or with respect to genetically based size differences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Analysis of Cell Organization in the External Region of the Olive Fruit

Hammami

Rapoport

2012

International Journal of Plant Sciences

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. Definitions of the cells that constitute the exocarp or exterior tissue of fleshy fruits are often vague, sometimes providing contradictory descriptions of the epidermis plus none or varying numbers of underlying cell layers for the same species. This study uses a morphometric approach to investigate how cell dimensions, cell number, and their relation with genetically based fruit size differences can contribute to a characterization of tissue organization in the external fruit region, using the olive drupe as an example. We determined cell area, radial and tangential widths, and cell number in the epidermis and 20 subepidermal cell layers of mature fruits of four olive cultivars that range in fruit size. Variation of these measurements among cell layers and the implied cellular contributions to fruit expansion revealed two different subepidermal regions, but with constant widths and layer numbers for all cultivars: (1) the first four cell layers (1-4), which have similar behavior to the epidermis; and (2) the following five cell layers (5-9), which are more similar to the mesocarp. The results provide new insights about cell patterns in the external region of the olive fruit and suggest that layers 1-4 together with the epidermis may act as a multiseriate exocarp and layers 5-9 may act as an outer mesocarp.

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Involvement of cell proliferation and cell enlargement in increasing the fruit size of Malus species

Cited by 113 publications

References 23 publications

Cell Expansion and Endoreduplication Show a Large Genetic Variability in Pericarp and Contribute Strongly to Tomato Fruit Growth

Cell Expansion and Endoreduplication Show a Large Genetic Variability in Pericarp and Contribute Strongly to Tomato Fruit Growth

Crop loading studies on ‘Caricia’ and ‘Eva’ apples grown in a mild winter area

Quantitative Analysis of Cell Organization in the External Region of the Olive Fruit

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