Involvement of arginine decarboxylase in the response of Arabidopsis thaliana to osmotic stress

Feirer, Russell P.; Hocking, Kaci L.; Woods, Paul J.

doi:10.1016/s0176-1617(98)80228-9

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…It is also worth mentioning that most of the A. thaliana EST clones coding for NLP1 were made from root mRNA. We next investigated the expression of NLP1 in leaves under osmotic stress, which leads to a strong increase of putrescine levels in A. thaliana, concomitant with an increase of ADC activity caused by a strong induction of the ADC2 gene (14, 19). As expected, we could show a strong induction of the ADC2 gene upon osmotic stress treatment (Fig.…”

Section: Substratesupporting

confidence: 56%

Plant C-N Hydrolases and the Identification of a Plant N-Carbamoylputrescine Amidohydrolase Involved in Polyamine Biosynthesis

Piotrowski¹,

Janowitz²,

Kneifel³

2003

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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A nitrilase-like protein from Arabidopsis thaliana (NLP1) was expressed in Escherichia coli as a His 6 -tagged protein and purified to apparent homogeneity by Ni 2؉ -chelate affinity chromatography. The purified enzyme showed N-carbamoylputrescine amidohydrolase activity, an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of polyamines in plants and bacteria. N-carbamoylputrescine amidohydrolase activity was confirmed by identification of two of the three occurring products, namely putrescine and ammonia. In contrast, no enzymatic activity could be detected when applying various compounds including nitriles, amines, and amides as well as other N-carbamoyl compounds, indicating the specificity of the enzyme for N-carbamoylputrescine. Like the homologous ␤-alanine synthases, NLP1 showed positive cooperativity toward its substrate. The native enzyme had a molecular mass of 279 kDa as shown by blue-native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, indicating a complex of eight monomers. Expression of the NLP1 gene was found in all organs investigated, but it was not induced upon osmotic stress, which is known to induce biosynthesis of putrescine. This is the first report of cloning and expression of a plant N-carbamoylputrescine amidohydrolase and the first time that N-carbamoylputrescine amidohydrolase activity of a recombinant protein could be shown in vitro. NLP1 is one of the two missing links in the arginine decarboxylase pathway of putrescine biosynthesis in higher plants.The term "C-N Hydrolases" was introduced by Bork and Koonin in 1994 (1) describing a protein superfamily whose members are all involved in the cleavage of C-N bonds but display only moderate homology (12-24% amino acid identity). Members of this family are found from bacteria to man and can be classified into 13 branches (2, 3). The family includes the following: (i) nitrilases (and cyanide hydratases) and aliphatic amidases, which hydrolyze nitriles (ϪCN) or amides (ϪCONH 2 ), respectively, to the corresponding carboxylic acids; (ii) ␤-alanine synthases (also called ␤-ureidopropionases), which produce ␤-alanine from N-carbamoyl-␤-alanine (␤-ureidopropionic acid); and (iii) other amidohydrolases whose natural substrates are largely unknown. The genome of Arabidopsis thaliana encodes eight C-N hydrolases: (i) four nitrilases, one of which (NIT4) was identified as ␤-cyanoalanine hydratase/ nitrilase (4); (ii) one ␤-alanine synthase involved in pyrimidine catabolism (5); and (iii) three other nitrilase-like proteins (NLPs) 1 whose function is yet unknown. One of these, provisionally called NLP1, shows high homology to a recently characterized protein of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the function of which was defined as N-carbamoylputrescine amidohydrolase, involved in polyamine biosynthesis in this species (6).Polyamines are low molecular mass polycations of vital function for all living organisms. A key intermediate in polyamine biosynthesis is putrescine (H 2 N(CH 2 ) 4 NH 2 ), which is already a polyamine and is further converted to higher polyamines like spermidine ...

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Section: Substratesupporting

confidence: 56%

Plant C-N Hydrolases and the Identification of a Plant N-Carbamoylputrescine Amidohydrolase Involved in Polyamine Biosynthesis

Piotrowski¹,

Janowitz²,

Kneifel³

2003

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…Changes in the accumulation of PAs during deficiency of potassium, magnesium or boron ions in the environment (Smith, 1984;Sarjala, 1996;Watson and Malmberg, 1996;Camacho-Cristó bal et al, 2002;Sarjala and Kaunisto, 2002;Camacho-Cristó bal et al, 2005), acidity (Young and Galston, 1983), stress caused by low or high temperature (Roy and Ghosh, 1996;Sarjala et al, 1997;Pillai and Akiyama, 2004), drought (Smith, 1985;Turner and Stewart, 1986;Yamaguchi et al, 2007), UV treatment (Smith et al, 2001;An et al, 2004;Zacchini and de Agazio, 2004) and the presence of heavy metals (Weinstein et al, 1986;Groppa et al, 2001Groppa et al, , 2003Zhao et al, 2008) have been observed. Research by Flores and Galston (1984), Feirer et al (1998), Tiburcio et al (1986a, b), Erdei et al (1996) and Santa-Cruz et al (1997a) demonstrated a rapid increase of PA levels under osmotic stress. There are no explicit data concerning the effect of salinity on biosynthesis of PAs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

The role of polyamines in the regulation of the plasma membrane and the tonoplast proton pumps under salt stress

Janicka

Kabała

Młodzińska

et al. 2010

Journal of Plant Physiology

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“…A parallel pathway using ornithine is initiated by ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). This second route seems to be the only polyamine biosynthetic pathway in animals and humans [1], but in most plants, ODC appears to be restricted to certain organs like apical bud [2], flower buds or fruits [3] and shows only low activity in the vegetative tissues [4–7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Feirer et al [7] showed that ADC is the enzyme primarily responsible for biosynthesis of putrescine in osmotically stressed Arabidopsis thaliana , but it is unclear which of the two ADC genes present in Arabidopsis is involved in this process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arabidopsis knockout mutation of ADC2 gene reveals inducibility by osmotic stress

Soyka¹,

Heyer²

1999

FEBS Letters

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We isolated an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant line carrying an insertion of the En-1 transposable element at the ADC2 locus. The insertion causes a knockout of the arginine decarboxylase 2 gene. We demonstrated that ADC2 is the gene responsible for induction of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway by osmotic stress. No induction of ADC activity by the osmolite sorbitol could be observed in the homozygous mutant, indicating a predominant role of ADC2 in stress response. ADC activity is reduced in the mutant by 44% under non-stressed conditions and the mutant shows no obvious phenotype. This is the first report of a genetically mapped mutation in the polyamine biosynthetic pathway in plants.z 1999 Federation of European Biochemical Societies.

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Involvement of arginine decarboxylase in the response of Arabidopsis thaliana to osmotic stress

Cited by 14 publications

References 33 publications

Plant C-N Hydrolases and the Identification of a Plant N-Carbamoylputrescine Amidohydrolase Involved in Polyamine Biosynthesis

Plant C-N Hydrolases and the Identification of a Plant N-Carbamoylputrescine Amidohydrolase Involved in Polyamine Biosynthesis

The role of polyamines in the regulation of the plasma membrane and the tonoplast proton pumps under salt stress

Arabidopsis knockout mutation of ADC2 gene reveals inducibility by osmotic stress

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