Involvement of a cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase of Quercus suber in the defence response to infection by Phytophthora cinnamomi

Coelho, A. C.; Horta, M.; Neves, Dina; Cravador, A.

doi:10.1016/j.pmpp.2007.01.001

Cited by 18 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…For a tolerant interaction, it is proposed that effector molecules like aldehyde aromatic compounds, similar to the eutypine toxin, released by P. cinnamomi during early infection, can be reduced and inactivated to alcohols by a Q. suber cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (QsCAD1) (Coelho et al. ). In the case of the sudden death phenotype, trees might contain inactive QsCAD1 proteins, as a result of polymorphic forms of the coding gene.…”

Section: Physiological Biochemical and Molecular Reactions Of Infectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies of attack and defence in woody plant–Phytophthora interactions

et al. 2014

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Summary This review comprises both well‐known and recently described Phytophthora species and concentrates on Phytophthora–woody plant interactions. First, comprehensive data on infection strategies are presented which were the basis for three models that explain invasion and spread of Phytophthora pathogens in different woody host plants. The first model describes infection of roots, the second concentrates on invasion of the trunk, and the last one summarizes infection and invasion of host plants via leaves. On the basis of morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular data, scenarios are suggested which explain the sequences of reactions that occur in susceptible and tolerant plants following infections of roots or of stem bark. Particular emphasis is paid to the significance of Phytophthora elicitins for such host–pathogen interactions. The overall goal is to shed light on the sequences of pathogenesis to better understand how Phytophthora pathogens harm their host plants.

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Section: Physiological Biochemical and Molecular Reactions Of Infectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies of attack and defence in woody plant–Phytophthora interactions

et al. 2014

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“…It was out of the scope of this work to ascertain lignin and phenol contents. However, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) genes have been shown to be up-regulated in Q. suber root seedlings infected with P. cinnamomi (Coelho et al 2006;Ebadzad and Cravador 2014) suggesting that the observed POD activity increase is related with the participation of this enzyme in the oxidation of the CADs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of defence responses by cinnamomins against Phytophthora cinnamomi in Quercus suber and Quercus ilex subs. rotundifolia

et al. 2015

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The strong association between Phytophthora cinnamomi and the mortality and decline of Quercus suber and Q. ilex subsp. rotundifolia has been known for two decades. The ability of elicitins secreted by this pathogen to trigger defence responses in these Quercus against itself was evaluated in this work. Biomass quantification by quantitative real-time PCR revealed a significant decrease in pathogen colonization of Q. suber roots after 24 h pre-treatment with α-and β-cinnamomin. In Q. suber and Q. ilex roots pre-treated with α-cinnamomin, hyphae were unable to reach and colonize the vascular cylinder and showed cytoplasmic disorganization in all the roots observed as contrasted with non-pre-treated roots. The pathogen was restricted to the intercellular spaces of the cortical parenchyma and the concomitant accumulation of electron dense materials was observed in contact with the hyphae. Furthermore, ROS (reactive oxygen species) production and the enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase were compared in infected and non-infected Quercus roots in time course trials. There was a significant increase in the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion (O •-) and an enhanced activity of the enzymes in infected roots was observed at each time point. When comparing with elicitin non-treated roots, the α-cinnamomin-treated roots in interaction with P. cinnamomi showed a decrease in ROS accumulation and an increase of the enzyme activities. The overall results were consistent with an induction by the cinnamomins which initiated defence responses against the pathogen invasion of roots. Finally, elicitins were immunolocalized in the contact zone of P. cinnamomi hyphae with epidermal host cells, plasmalemma outer cytoplasm and around the intracellular hyphae in the vacuoles of invaded epidermal cells.

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“…This so-called defence lignin (Hawkins and Boudet 2003) protects healthy tissue from water losses and infections. Increased CAD-enzyme activities or transcript levels upon elicitation by fungal pathogens, wounding, or ozone have been observed, for example, by Grand et al (1987), Galliano et al (1993), Mitchell et al (1994, and Coelho et al (2006). Valentines et al (2005) observed a very good correlation between lignin content and Penicillium expansum-resistance in apple and Nafussi et al (2001) between lignification and P. digitatum-resistance in citrus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential gene expression in leaves of a scab susceptible and a resistant apple cultivar upon Venturia inaequalis inoculation

Holzapfel

Meisel²,

Thümmler³

et al. 2011

Trees

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Apple scab, one of the most damaging diseases in apple worldwide is caused by the fungal pathogen Venturia inaequalis. Pathogen-induced gene expression was analyzed in leaves of greenhouse-and field-grown trees of the scab susceptible cultivar Golden Delicious and the resistant cultivar Rewena using the macroarray technique. The results show that the defence of the Vf-resistant cultivar Rewena is based on different mechanisms than the basal defence response of the susceptible Golden Delicious: whereas lignification seems to play an essential role in scab defence of Rewena, a thaumatin-like as well as a flavonoid gene are assumed to be involved in the mostly insufficient defensive response of Golden Delicious. Furthermore, a method was developed for quantification of the V. inaequalis in infected leaves using real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR.

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Involvement of a cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase of Quercus suber in the defence response to infection by Phytophthora cinnamomi

Cited by 18 publications

References 40 publications

Strategies of attack and defence in woody plant–Phytophthora interactions

Strategies of attack and defence in woody plant–Phytophthora interactions

Induction of defence responses by cinnamomins against Phytophthora cinnamomi in Quercus suber and Quercus ilex subs. rotundifolia

Differential gene expression in leaves of a scab susceptible and a resistant apple cultivar upon Venturia inaequalis inoculation

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