Involvement of a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan in the avoidance of chick epidermis by dorsal root ganglia fibers: A study using β-d-xyloside

Fichard, Agnès; Verna, Jean-Marc; Olivares, José; Saxod, Raymond

doi:10.1016/0012-1606(91)90312-q

Cited by 95 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…These nerve bundles then further branch out and form ring-like axon terminals around each feather follicle. Many molecules in the extracellular matrix, i.e., tenascin-C (Jiang and Chuong, 1992), chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (Fichard et al, 1991;Pays et al, 1997;Cahoon and Scott, 1999), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Cahoon-Metzger et al, 2001), etc. are suggested to be involved in guiding the ingrowing axons in forming the arcade.…”

Section: Innervationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The biology of feather follicles.

Yu¹,

Yue²,

Wu³

et al. 2004

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

163

133

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The feather is a complex epidermal organ with hierarchical branches and represents a multi-layered topological transformation of keratinocyte sheets. Feathers are made in feather follicles. The basics of feather morphogenesis were previously described (Lucas and Stettenheim, 1972). Here we review new molecular and cellular data. After feather buds form (Jiang et al., 2004), they invaginate into the dermis to form feather follicles. Above the dermal papilla is the proliferating epidermal collar. Distal to it is the ramogenic zone where the epidermal cylinder starts to differentiate into barb ridges or rachidial ridge. These neoptile feathers tend to be downy and radially symmetrical. They are replaced by teleoptile feathers which tend to be bilateral symmetrical and more diverse in shapes. We have recently developed a "transgenic feather" protocol that allows molecular analyses: BMPs enhance the size of the rachis, Noggin increases branching, while anti-SHH causes webbed branches. Different feather types formed during evolution (Wu et al., 2004). Pigment patterns along the body axis or intra-feather add more colorful distinctions. These patterns help facilitate the analysis of melanocyte behavior. Feather follicles have to be connected with muscles and nerve fibers, so they can be integrated into the physiology of the whole organism. Feathers, similarly to hairs, have the extraordinary ability to go through molting cycles and regenerate. Some work has been done and feather follicles might serve as a model for stem cell research. Feather phenotypes can be modulated by sex hormones and can help elucidate mechanisms of sex hormone-dependent growth control. Thus, the developmental biology of feather follicles provides a multi-dimension research paradigm that links molecular activities and cellular behaviors to functional morphology at the organismal level.

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Section: Innervationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The biology of feather follicles.

Yu¹,

Yue²,

Wu³

et al. 2004

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

163

133

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The expression pattern of CSPG and especially its intercellular and apical positioning, suggest that the lens epithelial cells are the ones responsible for its secretion. In this regard it has been demonstrated that the embryonic ectoderm and certain epithelia derived from it have the capacity to synthesize and secrete this proteoglycan (Fichard et al, 1991;Gato et al, 1993;Alonso et al, 1998a). In addition, interference in CSPG expression produces absence or abnormal invagination and defects in the fusion of the lens placode edges, suggesting that CSPG plays an important role in early lens morphogenesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Carnoy's ®xative has been reported to be the best for maintaining the carbohydrate epitope of proteoglycans (Gato et al, 1993).…”

Section: Immunohistochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chondroitin Sulphate Proteoglycan is Involved in Lens Vesicle Morphogenesis in Chick Embryos

Gato

Martín

Alonso

et al. 2001

Experimental Eye Research

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Proteoglycans have been implicated in the invagination and formation of various embryonal cavitied primordia. In this paper the expression of chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan is analysed (CSPG) in the lens primordium during lens vesicle formation, and demonstrate that this proteoglycan has a speci®c distribution pattern with regard to invagination and fusion processes in the transformation of placode into lens vesicle. More speci®cally, CSPG was detached in: (1) the apical surface of lens epithelial cells, where early CSPG expression was observed in the whole of the lens placode whilst in the vesicle phase it was restricted to the posterior epithelium; (2) intense CSPG expression in the basal lamina, which remained constant for the entire period under study; (3) CSPG expression in the intercellular spaces of the lens primordium epithelium, which increased during the invagination of the primordium and which at the vesicle stage was more evident in the posterior epithelium; and (4) CSPG expression on the edges of the lens placode both prior to and during fusion. Treatment with b-D-xyloside causes signi®cant CSPG depletion in the lens primordium together with severe alterations in the invagination and fusion of the lens vesicle; this leads to the formation of lens primordia which in some cases remain practically¯at or show partial invagination defects or fusion disruption. Similar results were obtained by enzyme digestion with chondroitinase AC but not with type II heparinase, which indicates that alterations induced by b-Dxyloside were due to interference in CSPG synthesis. The ®ndings demonstrate that CSPG is a common component of the lens primordium at the earliest developmental stages during which it undergoes speci®c modi®cations. It also includes experimental evidence to show that`in vivo' CSPG plays an important role in the invagination and fusion processes of the lens primordium.

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“…When the midline barrier molecules are added to cell adhesion molecules on dish surface, axon outgrowth is abolished, but it is reestablished after treatment with keratanase (Cole and McCabe, 1991). Sensory axons growing onto skin will traverse the dermis but stop at the epidermis unless the tissue is treated with antibodies against chondroitin sulfate or unless inhibitors are used to interfere with glycosaminoglycan synthesis (Fichard et al, 1990(Fichard et al, ,1991. In vivo experiments in which the chondroitin sulfate was selectively digested permitted retinal axons to enter previously forbidden regions (Brittis et al, 1992).…”

Section: Migration Phenomena That May Involve the Steric Exclusion Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteoglycans and the modulation of cell adhesion by steric exclusion

Morris

1993

Developmental Dynamics

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The hypothesis that cell aggregation may be driven by linear polymers in the matrix, particularly glycosaminoglycans, is revisited in light of more recent evidence. A model is proposed that extends the concept of steric exclusion to include a role in determining the directionality of cell migration and neurite extension. Recent literature is reviewed to support the conclusion that in living tissues the theoretical conditions for driving aggregation and migration by steric exclusion are met. The ability of a linear polymer to exclude cells is a function of its viscosity, which is optimum with glycosaminoglycans similar to chondroitin sulfate. It is ineffective with low viscosity glycosaminoglycans such as most heparin or heparan sulfate. Hyaluronic acid, a massive polymer, excludes cells poorly when present as an open matrix gel but forms an effective exclusion barrier when attached to the cell surface. According to a model for steric exclusion in organogenesis, when cells have a glycocalyx of linear polymer, they should disperse and migrate down a viscosity gradient of excluding matrix polymer; when they shed or internalize their surface coat in the continued presence of matrix, they should be excluded into a smaller volume and thus stimulated to aggregate. o 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Involvement of a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan in the avoidance of chick epidermis by dorsal root ganglia fibers: A study using β-d-xyloside

Cited by 95 publications

References 49 publications

The biology of feather follicles.

The biology of feather follicles.

Chondroitin Sulphate Proteoglycan is Involved in Lens Vesicle Morphogenesis in Chick Embryos

Proteoglycans and the modulation of cell adhesion by steric exclusion

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