Involvement of 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate in the Amelioration of Hyperhomocysteinemia Caused by Vitamin B&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt; Deficiency and &lt;small&gt;L&lt;/small&gt;-Methionine Supplementation

Ota

Hasegawa

et al. 2019

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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Despite previous studies suggesting that choline and betaine ameliorate lipid accumulation in rat livers, the relative effectiveness of the two nutrients is unclear. We examined the efficacy of dietary supplementation with choline or betaine in ameliorating lipid accumulation induced by vitamin B 6 (B6) deficiency in the rat liver. Male Wistar rats were fed control, B6-deficient, choline-supplemented B6-deficient, betaine-supplemented B6-deficient, or both choline and betaine-supplemented B6-deficient diets (all containing 9 g of l-methionine (Met)/kg) for 35 d. Two experiments were performed, i.e., one using 17 mmol/kg diet choline bitartrate, betaine anhydrous, and the combination and another using 8.5 mmol/ kg diet. Rats fed a B6-deficient diet developed lipid accumulation in the liver with a reduction of plasma lipids induced by the disruption of Met metabolism. However, the addition of 17 mmol/kg diet choline or betaine was sufficient to ameliorate the disruptions of lipid and Met metabolism. Additionally, 8.5 mmol/kg diet choline ameliorated liver lipid deposition, while the same amount of betaine had no significant effects on liver or plasma lipid profiles. Supplementation with choline resulted in a higher liver betaine than that found using the same amount of betaine alone, although the overall liver betaine content was reduced in B6-deficient rats. Our findings indicate that choline is more effective than betaine in ameliorating B6 deficiency-related disruptions in Met metabolism and liver lipid accumulation by increasing liver betaine levels.

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Accumulation of Liver Lipids Induced by Vitamin B<sub>6 </sub>Deficiency Was Effectively Ameliorated by Choline and, to a Lesser Extent, Betaine

Ota

Hasegawa

et al. 2019

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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“…In the B 6 -deficient rats, Hcy in the liver and plasma and SAH in the liver were significantly increased, and in the liver, the SAM/SAH ratio, the index parameter of methylation, decreased significantly (Tables 3 and 5) in agreement with the results of previous studies. 3,5,[13][14][15][16] In one of the Hcy metabolic pathways, the trans-sulfuration pathway, Hcy is metabolized to cystathionine by CBS, which requires PLP as a coenzyme (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3) Therefore, supplemental PGA had a small effect in alleviating abnormal Met metabolism, 3) but was not effective for maintaining PC biosynthesis. This is why PGA supplementation was less effective than PC supplementation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The inactive form is reactivated by the presence of NADPH. In our previous experiments, pteroylmonoglutamic acid (PGA) supplementation ameliorated the hyperhomocysteinemia caused by B 6 deficiency, presumably as a consequence of enhanced removal of Hcy by MS. 3) In addition, PGA supplementation tended to suppress the increase in liver weight to which lipid deposition contributes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Accumulation of lipid in rat liver was induced by vitamin B6 deficiency and was ameliorated by supplemental phosphatidylcholine in the diet

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

Yamamoto

et al. 2015

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We investigated the efficacy of supplementing the diet with pteroylmonoglutamic acid (PGA), choline, or phosphatidylcholine (PC) in ameliorating the lipid accumulation in rat liver that is induced by vitamin B6 (B6) deficiency. In Experiment 1, male Wistar rats were fed a control, B6-deficient, or PGA-, choline-, or PC-supplemented (10 mg, 4 g, and 6.3 g/kg of diet, respectively) B6-deficient diet containing l-methionine at 9 g/kg of diet for 35 days. In Experiment 2, rats were fed a control, B6-deficient, or PC-supplemented (at 3.15, 6.3, or 12.6 g PC/kg of diet) B6-deficient diet for 35 days. Choline or PC supplementation ameliorated liver lipid deposition and returned plasma lipids to normal. Judging from these results, it appeared that B6 deficiency decreased the synthesis of PC in the liver, thereby decreasing the secretion of very low-density lipoproteins, and in consequence producing lipid accumulation in the liver and reductions of plasma lipids.

“…These abnormalities in Met metabolism were in agreement with the results of previous studies. 3,[21][22][23][24][25] In the transsulfuration pathway, Hcy is metabolized to cystathionine by cystathionine β-synthase (EC 4.2.1.22; CBS), and cystathionine is metabolized to cysteine by cystathionine γ-lyase (EC 4.4.1.1; CGL), which requires PLP as a coenzyme Table 3. Growth parameters and liver and plasma lipid concentrations in rats fed with the experimental diets (Exp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Choline and betaine ameliorate liver lipid accumulation induced by vitamin B6 deficiency in rats

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

Yamamoto

Fujishita

et al. 2017

Self Cite

We investigated the efficacy of supplementing the diet with choline or betaine in ameliorating lipid accumulation induced by vitamin B (B) deficiency in rat liver. Male Wistar rats were fed a control, B-deficient, choline-supplemented (2, 4, or 6 g choline bitartrate/kg diet) B-deficient diet or betaine-supplemented (1, 2, or 4 g betaine anhydrous/kg diet) B-deficient diet for 35 d; all diets contained 9 g L-methionine (Met)/kg diet. Choline or betaine supplementation attenuated liver lipid deposition and restored plasma lipid profiles to control levels. These treatments restored the disruptions in Met metabolism and the phosphatidylcholine (PC)/phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) ratio induced by B deficiency in liver microsomes. These results suggest that choline and betaine ameliorated liver lipid accumulation induced by B deficiency via recovery of Met metabolism and very low-density lipoprotein secretion by restoring the supply of PC derived from PE.