Involucramiento Político Y Representaciones Sociales De La Democracia en Argentina

Abstract

Este artigo está licenciado sob uma Licença Creative Commons. Com essa licença você pode compartilhar, adaptar, para qualquer fim, desde que atribua a autoria da obra, forneça um link para a licença, e indicar se foram feitas alterações. RESUMEN: el objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer las representaciones sociales (RS) de la democracia en función del involucramiento político. Las RS juegan un rol en la conformación de actitudes y comportamientos y pueden ayudarnos a comprender la reconocida desafección política de la ciudadanía (Dahlberg, Linde, & Holberg, 2013). Para ello, se tomó una muestra cuotificada por sexo, edad y nivel socioeconómico de 454 personas de Córdoba (AR). Se aplicó la técnica de asociación de palabras para conocer las RS de democracia y un cuestionario cerrado para evaluar involucramiento político. Los resultados evidenciaron RS restringidas, electoralistas y liberales de la democracia. Además, la percepción de su funcionamiento real fue negativa. Los grupos que se involucraban políticamente generaron RS más sofisticadas y asignaron mayor protagonismo a la ciudadanía. PALABRAS CLAVE: Representaciones sociales; Democracia; Sofisticación política; Participación política.RESUMO: o objetivo deste trabalho foi conhecer as representações sociais (RS) de democracia em função do envolvimento político. As RS desempenham um papel na definição de atitudes e comportamentos e podem nos ajudar a entender o distanciamento político dos cidadãos (Dahlberg, Linde, & Holberg, 2013). Foi realizada uma amostra cuotificada por sexo, idade e status socioeconómico de 454 cidadãos da Córdoba (AR). Para conhecer a RS da democracia aplicamos a técnica de associação de palavras e, para avaliar envolvimento político, um questionário fechado. Os resultados mostraram RS focadas em visões eleitorais restritas e liberais da democracia. Também, a percepção de seu funcionamento real foi negativa. Os grupos mais envolvidos politicamente podem gerar RS mais sofisticados e atribuir maior protagonismo à cidadania que aqueles que não estavam envueltos.ABSTRACT: the main objective of this work was to describe the social representations (SRs) of democracy as a function of political involvement. SRs play a role in shaping attitudes and behaviors and can help us to understand the political disaffection of citizens (Dahlberg, Linde, & Holberg, 2013). We took a sample quoted by sex, age and socioeconomic status of 454 Cordoba's (AR) citizens. The word association technique was applied to access SRs of democracy and a questionnaire to evaluate political involvement. The results showed RS centered on restricted, electoral and liberal views of democracy. In addition, the perception of its actual functioning was mainly negative. The politically involved groups generated more sophisticated SRs and assign greater protagonism to citizenship than noninvolved ones.

Citizens and democracy: Political legitimacy processes in Latin American democracies.

“…The prospective-ideal dimension, which entails the possibility of positive change, is practically absent in most cases and, when mentioned, is conveyed through citizen participation in unconventional political actions. In a recent study with a population sample from Argentina, we found that traditional political actors and institutions were not relevant to respondents' definition of democracy (Alonso & Brussino, 2018). Instead, procedural aspects, such as voting and elections, and unsophisticated negative qualifying adjectives, such as "bad," "contradictory," and "mediocre," composed the core of their social representations of democracy.…”

“…Evidence from a social representation approach also supports the relevance to political involvement of people's development of democratic orientations (Alonso & Brussino, 2018). Those who participated in politics not only held more positive representations about democracy than those who were not involved but also relied less on the officials and institutions of traditional politics and more on democratic values (e.g., respect, tolerance).…”

“…Nevertheless, as Stumpf González and de Oliveira de Castro (2007) pointed out, the low levels of social and political capital currently reported will undermine the likelihood of this mobilization being achieved. In fact, the majority of citizens in Latin America express low levels of participation and political involvement (Alonso & Brussino, 2018;Cohen et al, 2017). For example, several studies in Argentina (one of the countries where social mobilization is more present, according to IDD-LAT, 2016) revealed that a widespread mistrust of political representatives coexists with low levels of cognitive mobilization regarding politics and low levels of political participation (Alonso, 2018;Sorribas & Brussino, 2013b, 2017a.…”

“…Considered together, this evidence suggests that the development of social and political capital is a relevant dimension for the exercise of citizenship and the deepening of democracy: Social and political involvement and participation may be relevant drivers for the deepening of democratic processes and values (see Chapter 4, this volume). Nevertheless, this type of capital seems to be unequally distributed among the population, with younger and more educated people having the greatest access to it (Alonso & Brussino, 2018). For example, in a quantitative study with young university students from Valparaíso, Chile (N = 832), Sandoval Moya and Hatibovic Díaz (2010) found that this group tended to reject the conventional channels of political participation and to object somewhat to the current form of representation, assessing politics from a technocratic point of view.…”

“…An analysis of political legitimacy that differentiates diffuse support for principles of a democratic regime from specific support for the government (Easton, 1975) would enable the analysis of the differential roles of these analytical levels in explaining the relationship between the citizenry and the political system in general and the government in particular. In general, the variables related to performance evaluation-such as the perception of the economic situation, the perception of justice, the social climate, or the perception of corruption-have been identified as relevant explanatory elements of specific evaluative dimensions such as political trust (e.g., Mishler & Rose, 2001;Morales Quiroga, 2008;Norris, 2011) and to a lesser extent of political legitimacy understood in diffuse terms as support for the system (e.g., Alister et al, 2015;Alonso & Brussino, 2018).…”