Invited review: Contemporary environmental issues: A review of the dairy industry's role in climate change and air quality and the potential of mitigation through improved production efficiency

Place, Sara; Mitloehner, Frank M.

doi:10.3168/jds.2009-2719

Cited by 86 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 96 publications

(130 reference statements)

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“…Anthropogenic emissions of GHG have increased since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution (c. 1750) and further increases are possible as world-wide fossil fuel combustion continues to rise (Place and Mitloehner, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In comparison to the emission level of 1988 -the base year for the former socialist countries, Poland is to reduce its emission by 6%. California of the United States of America became the first state that adopted a regulation requiring the mandatory reporting of GHG emissions -Assembly Bill 32 (California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006) (Place and Mitloehner, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential of phytofactors to mitigate rumen ammonia and methane production

Szumacher-Strabel¹,

Cieślak²

2010

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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The increase in the intensity of ruminant production determines changes in the rumen feed conversion and thus, among other, may increase pool of greenhouse gases emission. The ineffective digestion process and changes in the legislation processes implicate the action tends towards the limitation of rumen ammonia and methane production. In the last few years there is an increasing interest of nutritionists in bioactive plant factors -phytofactors as natural feed additives that can modify the rumen fermentation processes, improve the protein metabolism and, at the same time, reduce ammonia production and emission, and curb methane production and emission to the atmosphere. High diversity of bioactive phytofactors contained in many plant species has been identified as a potential factor affecting the above-mentioned processes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of phytofactors to mitigate rumen ammonia and methane production

Szumacher-Strabel¹,

Cieślak²

2010

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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“…fertiliser rates in relation to crop yields and used land area for feed production) due to lack of data. Finally, other production parameters, for example, animal health, calving age and replacement rate, also affected milk CF at the farm level (Hospido and Sonesson, 2005;Place and Mitloehner, 2010), but were not included in our study due to lack of data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in carbon footprint of milk due to management differences between Swedish dairy farms

Henriksson

Flysjö

Cederberg

et al. 2011

Animal

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To identify mitigation options to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from milk production (i.e. the carbon footprint (CF) of milk), this study examined the variation in GHG emissions among dairy farms using data from previous CF studies on Swedish milk. Variations between farms in these production data, which were found to have a strong influence on milk CF, were obtained from existing databases of 1051 dairy farms in Sweden in 2005. Monte Carlo (MC) analysis was used to analyse the impact of variations in seven important parameters on milk CF concerning milk yield (energy-corrected milk (ECM) produced and delivered), feed dry matter intake (DMI), enteric CH 4 emissions, N content in feed DMI, N-fertiliser rate and diesel used on farm. The largest between-farm variations among the analysed production data were N-fertiliser rate (kg/ha) and diesel used (l/ha) on farm (CV 5 31% to 38%). For the parameters concerning milk yield and feed DMI, the CV was approximately 11% and 8%, respectively. The smallest variation in production data was found for N content in feed DMI. According to the MC analysis, these variations in production data led to a variation in milk CF of between 0.94 and 1.33 kg CO 2 equivalents (CO 2 e)/kg ECM, with an average value of 1.13 kg CO 2 e/kg ECM. We consider that this variation of 617%, which was found to be based on the used farm data, would be even greater if all Swedish dairy farms were included, as the sample of farms in this study was not totally unbiased. The variation identified in milk CF indicates that a potential exists to reduce GHG emissions from milk production on both the national and farm levels through changes in management. As milk yield and feed DMI are two of the most influential parameters for milk CF, feed conversion efficiency (i.e. units ECM produced/unit DMI) can be used as a rough key performance indicator for predicting CF reductions. However, it must be borne in mind that feeds have different CF due to where and how they are produced.

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“…In spite of the fact that ruminants can utilize almost all nitrogen sources, the limits of the ability of dairy animals and other high producing animals to recycle N are rarely reached in commercial herds and excess of dietary protein leads to ammonia formation (Place & Mitloehner, 2010). The process of ammonia formation in the rumen involves mostly proteolytic bacteria, including the hyper ammonia producing bacteria.…”

Section: Rumen Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%