Invited paper. Powerful millimetre-wave gyrotrons

Gaponov, A.V.; Flyagin, V.A.; Goldenberg, A. L.; Nusinovich, G. S.; Tsimring, Sh. E.; Usov, V. G.; Vlasov, S. N.

doi:10.1080/00207218108901338

Cited by 148 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In the past, the primary difficulty in utilizing ECRH has been the lack of high power sources at the appropriate frequencies. However, recent progress in the development of gyrotrons (Andronov et al 1978, Gaponov et al 1981, Temkin et al 1982, Felch 1983, Carmel et al 1983) has led to the availability of high power, cw sources appropriate for ECRH on present experiments. This paper will describe our investigation of the operating characteristics of high power (>100 kW), high frequency (>100 GHz) gyrotrons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High efficiency operation of a 140 GHz pulsed gyrotron

Kreischer

Schutkeker

Danly

et al. 1984

International Journal of Electronics

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The operating characteristics of a 140 GHz, pulsed gyrotron are reported. Total efficiencies of 36% and ouput powers of 175 kW have been obtained in single mode operation.Measurements of power and efficiency have been made for a variety of modes between 120 and 160 GHz, and these results are in good agreement with predictions based on nonlinear theory. The best results have been obtained with isolated, asymmetric modes, such as the TE 4 , 2 , 1 (127.3 GHz), TE 2 , 3 , 1 (136.7 GHz),and the TE 3 , 3 , 1 (155.6 GHz). Although mode competition was found to prevent the TEO, 3 , 1 mode (139.5 GHz) from reaching the optimum operating conditions, an output power of 138 kW and total efficiency of 29% were achieved with this mode. A variety of new, highly accurate diagnostic techniques that have been developed to measure the power, frequency, and mode content of the output radiation will be reviewed. In addition, the operating characteristics of both laminar and nonlaminar magnetron injection guns will be compared. The high powers and efficiencies obtained in this experiment are promising for the extension of gyrotron output powers to the megawatt range.2

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High efficiency operation of a 140 GHz pulsed gyrotron

Kreischer

Schutkeker

Danly

et al. 1984

International Journal of Electronics

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“…The gyrotron has proven to be a powerful source of millimeter and submillieter radiation (Gaponov et al 1981), and has been used extensively for electron cyclotron resonance heating of fusion plasmas. A variety of recent experiments, including research on T-10 (Alikaev et al 1983) and PDX (Hsuan et al 1984) have demonstrated effective coupling of the radiation to the plasma.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency pulling and bandwidth measurements of a 140 GHz pulsed gyrotron

Kreischer

Danly

Woskoboinikow

et al. 1984

International Journal of Electronics

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Accurate measurements of the emission frequency and bandwidth of a pulsed 140GHz gyrotron have been made using a harmonic mixer system. This system has been used to measure the bandwidth of individual, 1 Asec pulses of the gyrotron, to determine the dependence of the operating frequency on the cathode voltage and resonator magnetic field, to detect and identify second harmonic radiation, and to study multimode operation.Bandwidths as low as 3 MHz, which is the instrumental limit, have been observed. In addition, frequency pulling has been measured and compared with predictions based on linear and self-consistent nonlinear theory. It was found that linear theory is inadequate for describing the frequency characteristics of a gyrotron operating well above the starting current, while self-consistent nonlinear theory was in reasonable agreement with the experimental results. The small bandwidths and stable operating frequencies that were measured confirm the viability of the gyrotron as a millimeter and submillimeter source for plasma diagnostics.2

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“…Carmel et al [20] describe the characteristics of an oscillator designed to operate in the TE4 1 mode, concentrating primarily on methods to suppress the neighboring parasitic mode TE 241 . Finally, a review of other mode selection techniques is provided by Gaponov et al [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent experiments have led to significant improvements in both power and frequency. Pulsed devices with powers in excess of 100 kW have been built at frequencies of 28 [ [7], 100 [4], and 140 [8] GHz. In addition, high-power CW operation has been achieved at 28 and 60 GHz [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%