(INVITED) Exceptional points of parity-time- and anti-parity-time-symmetric devices for refractive index and absorption-based sensing

Carlo, Martino De

doi:10.1016/j.rio.2020.100052

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This common practice, however, is different from the similar variable change applied in the anti-PT-symmetric case and has some drawbacks in the measurable outputs. In fact, a common loss can spoil the resolvability of the resonances, due to the broadening of the linewidths (see [ 56 ]).…”

Section: Quasi-pt Symmetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The instability can be removed, for example, by uniform damping of the sensor, thus realizing a quasi-PT-symmetric version of the sensor. However, as said, this would broaden the linewidths [ 56 ], thus reducing the resolution.…”

Section: Noise and Limit Of Detection In Non-hermitian Hamiltoniansmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [ 56 ], coupled cavities at the EP have been studied for refractive index and absorption sensing.…”

Section: Sensing Applications Of Non-hermitian Photonicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-Hermitian Sensing in Photonics and Electronics: A Review

Carlo

Leonardis

Soref

et al. 2022

Sensors

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Recently, non-Hermitian Hamiltonians have gained a lot of interest, especially in optics and electronics. In particular, the existence of real eigenvalues of non-Hermitian systems has opened a wide set of possibilities, especially, but not only, for sensing applications, exploiting the physics of exceptional points. In particular, the square root dependence of the eigenvalue splitting on different design parameters, exhibited by 2 × 2 non-Hermitian Hamiltonian matrices at the exceptional point, paved the way to the integration of high-performance sensors. The square root dependence of the eigenfrequencies on the design parameters is the reason for a theoretically infinite sensitivity in the proximity of the exceptional point. Recently, higher-order exceptional points have demonstrated the possibility of achieving the nth root dependence of the eigenfrequency splitting on perturbations. However, the exceptional sensitivity to external parameters is, at the same time, the major drawback of non-Hermitian configurations, leading to the high influence of noise. In this review, the basic principles of PT-symmetric and anti-PT-symmetric Hamiltonians will be shown, both in photonics and in electronics. The influence of noise on non-Hermitian configurations will be investigated and the newest solutions to overcome these problems will be illustrated. Finally, an overview of the newest outstanding results in sensing applications of non-Hermitian photonics and electronics will be provided.

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Section: Quasi-pt Symmetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Noise and Limit Of Detection In Non-hermitian Hamiltoniansmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-Hermitian Sensing in Photonics and Electronics: A Review

Carlo

Leonardis

Soref

et al. 2022

Sensors

Self Cite

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“…It has also been shown that the anti-PT symmetry gyroscope is a better choice than PT symmetry in rotation measurement. 22 However, the precise control of EP in the system is the key to affecting the performance of the gyroscope. In practical, defects of fabrication, disturbance in the environment will inevitably introduce the parameter errors of the gyroscope, 23 leading to deterioration of the gyroscope's performance, which have not been analyzed in anti-PT symmetric gyroscopes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… – 21 Typically, PT symmetric 17 and anti-PT symmetric 19 coupled-ring gyroscope have been demonstrated to be several orders of magnitude higher in sensitivity than traditional optical gyroscope. It has also been shown that the anti-PT symmetry gyroscope is a better choice than PT symmetry in rotation measurement 22 . However, the precise control of EP in the system is the key to affecting the performance of the gyroscope.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barriers in the realization of anti-PT-symmetric optical gyroscope

Huang,

Bi,

Wang

et al. 2023

Opt. Eng.

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.We theoretically analyze the performances of the anti-PT-symmetric gyroscope near the exceptional point (EP). The results show that the frequency splitting caused by rotation is proportional to the square root of the fraction of power coupled from the bus to the ring. To fully exploit the potential of the EP, one needs to overcome two aspects of challenges. The first one is the preparation of sensitive unit, to detect the angular velocity of 104 deg / h with a micron-scale sensor; the allowable variation in the ratio of cavities’ radii is within the order of 10 − 16, which is exceedingly challenging in current nano fabrication. The other is controlling environmental disturbances. A temperature variation of 0.002°C would make the minimum detectable rotation rate up to 1010 deg / h, which is far beyond practically applications. Our analysis points out the difficulties in realizing this gyroscope, which has significant referential values to future work.

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A review: Rise of PT-symmetry for laser applications

Praveena

Senthilnathan

2023

Optik

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(INVITED) Exceptional points of parity-time- and anti-parity-time-symmetric devices for refractive index and absorption-based sensing

Cited by 14 publications

References 21 publications

Non-Hermitian Sensing in Photonics and Electronics: A Review

Non-Hermitian Sensing in Photonics and Electronics: A Review

Barriers in the realization of anti-PT-symmetric optical gyroscope

A review: Rise of PT-symmetry for laser applications

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