“…On one hand, there may be barriers associated with reactions to cognitive decline among ME groups, including normalization of symptoms (i.e. seeing memory problems as a normal part of old age), stigma, shame, and cultural pressure to care for family members ( Berdai Chaouni & De Donder, 2018 ; Denktas, Koopmans, Birnie, Foets, & Bonsel, 2009 ; Kenning et al., 2017 ; Mukadam et al., 2011b ; Nielsen & Waldemar, 2016 ; Næss & Moen, 2015 ; Sagbakken, Spilker, & Ingebretsen, 2018 ). On the other hand, there may be healthcare-associated barriers, including lack of clarity about the services available to people with dementia, language barriers, and lack of choice when seeking formal care and support services with available services often lacking cultural awareness and diversity for interacting with different cultural communities ( Berdai Chaouni & De Donder, 2018 ; Kenning et al., 2017 ; Mukadam et al., 2011b ; Næss & Moen, 2015 ; Sagbakken et al., 2018 ).…”