Invisible Congolese Blockage to Peace: Deprivation of Basic Communal Needs Triggers Intractable Conflict in Congo

Abstract

This article focusses on the deprivation of basic communal needs towards the Rwandan immigrants in Congo which fuels recurring violent conflict in Congo since Zaire's flag independence in the 1960s escalated to breed the two Congo wars (1996-7; 1998-2003) onwards. This is purposely chosen because the deprivation of human needs often triggers protracted social conflict. For Edward Azar, a sustained sequence of studies published from the early 1970s claims that the critical factor that persisted protracted social conflict (PSC) in Lebanon,