Invisible but Unpleasant: Unconscious emotional processing of trypophobic objects

K, Sasaki; Watanabe, Katsumi; Yamada, Yukiko

doi:10.31234/osf.io/5xshq

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…29,30 However, other phantoms and in vivo studies have demonstrated a significant ADC difference among different magnet fields. 31,32 Therefore, Sasaki et al 31 have suggested using rADC values because they might be more suitable than absolute ADC values for evaluating diffusion abnormalities acquired in different scanners and field strengths. ROIs drawn on the normal-appearing white matter 33 or gray matter 11 are commonly used for ADC normalization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MR Imaging Characteristics and ADC Histogram Metrics for Differentiating Molecular Subgroups of Pediatric Low-Grade Gliomas

Shrot

Kerpel²,

Belenky³

et al. 2022

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: BRAF and type 1 neurofibromatosis status are distinctive features in pediatric low-grade gliomas with prognostic and therapeutic implications. We hypothesized that DWI metrics obtained through volumetric ADC histogram analyses of pediatric low-grade gliomas at baseline would enable early detection of BRAF and type 1 neurofibromatosis status. MATERIALS AND METHODS:We retrospectively evaluated 40 pediatric patients with histologically proved pilocytic astrocytoma (n ¼ 33), ganglioglioma (n ¼ 4), pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (n ¼ 2), and diffuse astrocytoma grade 2 (n ¼ 1). Apart from 1 patient with type 1 neurofibromatosis who had a biopsy, 11 patients with type 1 neurofibromatosis underwent conventional MR imaging to diagnose a low-grade tumor without a biopsy. BRAF molecular analysis was performed for patients without type 1 neurofibromatosis. Eleven patients presented with BRAF V600E-mutant, 20 had BRAF-KIAA rearrangement, and 8 had BRAF wild-type tumors. Imaging studies were reviewed for location, margins, hemorrhage or calcifications, cystic components, and contrast enhancement. Histogram analysis of tumoral diffusivity was performed.RESULTS: Diffusion histogram metrics (mean, median, and 10th and 90th percentiles) but not kurtosis or skewness were different among pediatric low-grade glioma subgroups (P , .05). Diffusivity was lowest in BRAF V600E-mutant tumors (the 10th percentile reached an area under the curve of 0.9 on receiver operating characteristic analysis). There were significant differences between evaluated pediatric low-grade glioma margins and cystic components (P ¼ .03 and P ¼ .001, respectively). Well-defined margins were characteristic of BRAF-KIAA or wild-type BRAF rather than BRAF V600E-mutant or type 1 neurofibromatosis tumors. None of the type 1 neurofibromatosis tumors showed a cystic component. CONCLUSIONS:Imaging features of pediatric low-grade gliomas, including quantitative diffusion metrics, may assist in predicting BRAF and type 1 neurofibromatosis status, suggesting a radiologic-genetic correlation, and might enable early genetic signature characterization.ABBREVIATIONS: AUC ¼ area under the curve; GG ¼ ganglioglioma; MAPK ¼ mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway; NF1 ¼ type 1 neurofibromatosis; pLGG ¼ pediatric low-grade glioma; rADC ¼ relative ADC; RAS ¼ rat sarcoma virus; ROC ¼ receiver operating characteristic

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MR Imaging Characteristics and ADC Histogram Metrics for Differentiating Molecular Subgroups of Pediatric Low-Grade Gliomas

Shrot

Kerpel²,

Belenky³

et al. 2022

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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“…The more meaningful stimuli are, as in Jioang et al, the more likely they capture attention even under subliminal conditions. Tsikandilakis et al (2021) Aligning with past evidence on individuals reacting to invisible negative emotionrelated or emotion-inducing cues (Sagliano, Maiese, & Trojano, 2020;Sasaki, Watanabe, Yamada, 2018;Vizueta, et al, 2012;Zald, 2003), Jiang's study introduced sex-related stimuli to spatial attention and found strong results. The unconscious side of sexual preferences is a rarely explored aspect of cognitive psychology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Is conscious perception necessary to direct attention? A replication of Jiang et al. (2006)

Chen,

Scott,

Dienes

2023

Preprint

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The relationship between attention and consciousness has been debated for the past few decades. Observing attentional biases induced by visual stimuli below conscious threshold is one way of providing evidence for the independence of attention and conscious perception. Among such studies, Jiang et al. (2006) found a strong priming effect below the objective conscious threshold with high sensitivity, in showing attentional biases to nude images suppressed by continuous flash suppression (CFS). This study aims to replicate Jiang et al. by following the original design and materials as closely as possible with Bayesian analytical approaches.

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“…Another study revealed that low-and mid-spatial frequency information contributed to trypophobia (Sasaki et al, 2017). Based on these findings, trypophobic objects may be processed rapidly and unconsciously; indeed, there is empirical evidence supporting this (Sasaki, Watanabe & Yamada, 2018;Shirai & Ogawa, 2019). Taken together, early visual processing plays key roles in trypophobia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Trypophobia as an urbanized emotion: comparative research in ethnic minority regions of China

Zhu

Sasaki

Jiang

et al. 2020

PeerJ

Self Cite

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Trypophobia is a strong emotion of disgust evoked by clusters of holes or round objects (e.g., lotus seed pod). It has become increasingly popular and been studied since 2010s, mainly in the West and Japan. Considering this, trypophobia might be a modern emotion, and hence urbanization possibly plays key roles in trypophobia. To address this issue, we compared the degree of trypophobia between urban and less urban people in China. In an experiment, we asked participants about their degree of discomfort from trypophobic images. The results showed that trypophobia occurred in both groups, although the effect size was larger in urban than less urban people. Moreover, post-experimental interviews and post-hoc analyses revealed that older people in less urban area did not experience as much trypophobia. Our findings suggest that trypophobia links to urbanization and age-related properties.

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Invisible but Unpleasant: Unconscious emotional processing of trypophobic objects

Cited by 6 publications

References 25 publications

MR Imaging Characteristics and ADC Histogram Metrics for Differentiating Molecular Subgroups of Pediatric Low-Grade Gliomas

MR Imaging Characteristics and ADC Histogram Metrics for Differentiating Molecular Subgroups of Pediatric Low-Grade Gliomas

Is conscious perception necessary to direct attention? A replication of Jiang et al. (2006)

Trypophobia as an urbanized emotion: comparative research in ethnic minority regions of China

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