Inviable immigrants drive diversification in the sea

Pfennig, David W.

doi:10.1073/pnas.1300517110

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Disruptive selection over gradients of multiple environmental variables (such as temperature, oxygen concentration, and salinity) may have induced assortative mating in the Atlantic cod Gadus morhua (Berg et al, 2016; Kirubakaran et al, 2016; Sodeland et al, Barth et al, 2017;but see Neuenfeldt et al, 2013). On much smaller geographic scales, disruptive selection over a depth gradient, resulting in immigrant inviability, could in duce almost complete assortative mating between depth-segregated ecotypes of the octocoral Eunicea flexuosa, as the cumulative decrease in survival from the time of larval settling to the high age of reproductive isolation (Beiring & Lasker, 2000) results in a decrease of 'mismatched' genotypes over time, even when random settling of larvae is assumed (Pfennig, 2013;Prada & Hellberg, 2013). Similar mechanism could potentially play a role in the depth-segregated morphotypes of the octocoral Eunicella singularis (Esper, 1791) studied by Constantini et al (2016) and the Alpheus armatus species complex (Hurt et al, 2013), but more research is required to confirm this hypothesis.…”

Section: Criterion 3 and 4: Assortative Mating And The Link Between Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three of these studies (Kashiwagi et al, 2012;Prada & Hellberg, 2013;Sanders et al, 2013b) used likelihood ratio tests within their IM approach and found higher support for a model including gene flow compared to models without any gene flow. IM models, as well as related methods as used by Serrano et al (2014), cannot, however, assess heterogeneity in gene flow over time (Niemiller et al, 2010;Gaggiotti, 2011;Sousa et al, 2011;Strasburg & Rieseberg, 2011, 2013. Therefore, secondary contact after speciation without gene flow cannot be precluded based on these results (Hurt et al, 2013).…”

Section: 4mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Speciation with gene flow in marine systems

Potkamp

Fransen

2019

Contributions to Zoology

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Over the last century, a large body of literature emerged on mechanisms driving speciation. Most of the research into these questions focussed on terrestrial systems, while research in marine systems lagged behind. Here, we review the population genetic mechanisms and geographic context of 33 potential cases of speciation with gene flow in the marine realm, using six criteria inferred from theoretical models of speciation. Speciation with gene flow occurs in a wide range of marine taxa. Single traits, which induce assortative mating and are subjected to disruptive selection, such as differences in host-associations in invertebrates or colour pattern in tropical fish, are potentially responsible for a decrease in gene flow and may be driving divergence in the majority of cases. However, much remains unknown, and with the current knowledge, the frequency of ecological speciation with gene flow in marine systems remains difficult to estimate. Standardized, generally applicable statistical methods, explicitly testing different hypotheses of speciation, are, going forward, required to confidently infer speciation with gene flow.

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Section: Criterion 3 and 4: Assortative Mating And The Link Between Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 4mentioning

confidence: 99%

Speciation with gene flow in marine systems

Potkamp

Fransen

2019

Contributions to Zoology

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Targeted mutations in myostatin by zinc-finger nucleases result in double-muscled phenotype in Meishan pigs

Qian

Tang

Yang

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

154

146

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Myostatin (MSTN) is a dominant inhibitor of skeletal muscle development and growth. Mutations in MSTN gene can lead to muscle hypertrophy or double-muscled (DM) phenotype in cattle, sheep, dog and human. However, there has not been reported significant muscle phenotypes in pigs in association with MSTN mutations. Pigs are an important source of meat production, as well as serve as a preferred animal model for the studies of human disease. To study the impacts of MSTN mutations on skeletal muscle growth in pigs, we generated MSTN-mutant Meishan pigs with no marker gene via zinc finger nucleases (ZFN) technology. The MSTN-mutant pigs developed and grew normally, had increased muscle mass with decreased fat accumulation compared with wild type pigs, and homozygote MSTN mutant (MSTN−/−) pigs had apparent DM phenotype, and individual muscle mass increased by 100% over their wild-type controls (MSTN+/+) at eight months of age as a result of myofiber hyperplasia. Interestingly, 20% MSTN-mutant pigs had one extra thoracic vertebra. The MSTN-mutant pigs will not only offer a way of fast genetic improvement of lean meat for local fat-type indigenous pig breeds, but also serve as an important large animal model for biomedical studies of musculoskeletal formation, development and diseases.

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Functional replacement of myostatin with GDF-11 in the germline of mice

et al. 2022

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Background Myostatin (MSTN) is a transforming growth factor-ß superfamily member that acts as a major regulator of skeletal muscle mass. GDF-11, which is highly related to MSTN, plays multiple roles during embryonic development, including regulating development of the axial skeleton, kidneys, nervous system, and pancreas. As MSTN and GDF-11 share a high degree of amino acid sequence identity, behave virtually identically in cell culture assays, and utilize similar regulatory and signaling components, a critical question is whether their distinct biological functions result from inherent differences in their abilities to interact with specific regulatory and signaling components or whether their distinct biological functions mainly reflect their differing temporal and spatial patterns of expression. Methods We generated and characterized mice in which we precisely replaced in the germline the portion of the Mstn gene encoding the mature C-terminal peptide with the corresponding region of Gdf11. Results In mice homozygous for the knock-in allele, all of the circulating MSTN protein was replaced with GDF-11, resulting in ~ 30–40-fold increased levels of circulating GDF-11. Male mice homozygous for the knock-in allele had slightly decreased muscle weights, slightly increased weight gain in response to a high-fat diet, slightly increased plasma cholesterol and HDL levels, and significantly decreased bone density and bone mass, whereas female mice were mostly unaffected. Conclusions GDF-11 appears to be capable of nearly completely functionally replacing MSTN in the control of muscle mass. The developmental and physiological consequences of replacing MSTN with GDF-11 are strikingly limited.

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Inviable immigrants drive diversification in the sea

Cited by 3 publications

References 15 publications

Speciation with gene flow in marine systems

Speciation with gene flow in marine systems

Targeted mutations in myostatin by zinc-finger nucleases result in double-muscled phenotype in Meishan pigs

Functional replacement of myostatin with GDF-11 in the germline of mice

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