This paper analyzes the scientific sphere of Russian Federation in retrospective including dynamics study of different investment sources in science. The quantitative results of funding the priority areas of scientific research and innovation activities of the country from 2000 to 2016 are given. Some sources of investment in science have been analyzed, which are the federal budget and the business enterprise sector from 2010 to 2015 in Russia and other countries. Based on the obtained results, some reasons that affect the development of research and innovation in Russia have been identified. Also possible ways of further development of innovation funding in the Russian Federation are suggested. The article emphasizes the importance of innovations funding and contains the conclusion and recommendations.