Investment Demand and U.S. Economic Growth.

Kavesh, Robert A.; Hickman, Bert G.

doi:10.2307/2977268

Cited by 5 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Volatile solvents used in gel spinning are commonly removed from the gel filaments by evaporation at elevated temperature . In the case of decalin, a preferred volatile spin‐solvent for UHMWPE, solvent vapor from the evaporation process is typically recylced . Recycling decalin vapor adds complexity to the spinning process not withstanding the potential dangers it introduces.…”

Section: Introducitonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because decalin is flammable, the spinning process should take place in an inert atmosphere (usually nitrogen or carbon dioxide) typically at a pressure above atmospheric pressure to minimize air infiltration. Sufficient flow of inert gas is required to keep the solvent vapor concentration below the lower explosive limit (32 g/m 3 at 100°C in air) . The inert gas stream containing a relatively low conentration of solvent is passed through a solvent recovery system where the majority of the spin solvent vapor is condensed, separated, and returned to the solution forming stage.…”

Section: Introducitonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The small amount of solvent vapor remaining in the inert gas stream can be returned to the gel‐fiber drying oven or passed through an adsorbent bed containing activated carbon to extract additional solvent vapor; however, both of these options reduce the efficiency of the process. If the gas stream containing a small amount of uncondensed solvent is directly returned to the drying oven, lower removal rates can be expected, while recovery of spin solvent from beds of activated carbon requires steam stripping, condensation, decanting, and drying before the spin solvent can be reclaimed . Aside from the complexity of the volatile spin solvent removal/recovery process, inefficient energy use results from first heating the inert gas stream during evaporation from the gel‐fiber and subsequently cooling the gas stream during condensation to recover the solvent vapor, especially because large volumes of solvent vapor are generated and exceptionally larger volumes of inert gas are needed to keep the spin solvent vapor concentration below the flammability limit.…”

Section: Introducitonmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fast solvent removal by mechanical twisting for gel spinning of ultrastrong fibers

Wyatt

Deng

Yao

2014

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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A new method for fast solvent removal in gel spinning was investigated. Instead of solvent evaporation or coagulation as conventionally used, the new method involves mechanically twisting the gel‐fiber along the fiber axis. By removing the majority of solvent in the gel‐fiber by mechanical twisting not only the emission of solvent vapor and the production of waste solvent mixture or coagulation byproducts are minimized but also the fiber production rate is significantly increased. The new solvent removal method was demonstrated through gel spinning of high‐strength ultrahigh‐molecular‐weight polyethylene fibers using both volatile and nonvolatile spin solvents. Approximately 90% of the spin solvent was removed by a single‐step twisting process and the resulting fiber retained the high mechanical properties conventionally obtained. A mechanistic model was developed for estimating the solvent removal as a function of twisting. With respect to the gel spinning industry, the new solvent removal method holds a promise of simplifying the solvent removal and recovery steps and improving the production rate, leading to more efficient and effective gel spinning processes. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 55:745–752, 2015. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Section: Introducitonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introducitonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introducitonmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fast solvent removal by mechanical twisting for gel spinning of ultrastrong fibers

Wyatt

Deng

Yao

2014

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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“…3 The next critical event in this story was the hiring of Ho-Sou Chen. Primarily, Gruntfest studied the marketing of biomedical materials, but he had also been thinking about possible methods of making inexpensive metal wires.…”

Section: The Research Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

Early Research, Development, and Commercialization of Metallic Glasses

Gilman¹

1984

JOM

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This paper recounts the implementation of a novel concept in which researchers first identified specific material properties associated with amorphous metallic alloys. Then came the formidable task of engineering feasible and reliable production mechanisms. Finally, market demand was induced to capitalize on the magnetic permeability and morphological homogeneity of these enigmatic materials. Much ancillary technology developed around the rapid solidification concept responsible for metallic glasses. This article studies the driving forces that innovated the necessary product and process advancements.

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“…Decahydronaphthalene was used as spin solvent in the previous study to demonstrate the feasibility of the mechanical solvent removal process. Decahydronaphthalene is a common volatile spin solvent in commercial UHMWPE gel‐spinning processes, and it is typically evaporated from the gel fiber at elevated temperature; however, it is flammable and toxic to humans .…”

Section: Introducitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct drawing of gel fibers enabled by twist‐gel spinning process

Wyatt

Gainey

Fang

et al. 2015

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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A new twist‐gel spinning process for ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fibers is demonstrated which significantly increases the extraction rate of nonvolatile spin solvent while simultaneously reducing the consumption of extraction solvent by more than 75%. Applying twist to the gel fiber enables it to be directly hot‐drawn, allowing conventional solvent extraction to proceed significantly faster. While solvent extraction effectiveness is largely enhanced, the new process does not show reduced fiber properties. The tensile strength, Young's modulus, surface morphology, and geometry are relatively unaffected when compared to fibers produced using the conventional gel‐spinning process. The new twist‐gel spinning process is expected to improve the processing efficiency of gel‐spun high‐strength fibers, promoting broad expansion of these high performance fibers into applications that were previously prohibitive due to extremely slow production. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 55:1389–1395, 2015. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Investment Demand and U.S. Economic Growth.

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Fast solvent removal by mechanical twisting for gel spinning of ultrastrong fibers

Fast solvent removal by mechanical twisting for gel spinning of ultrastrong fibers

Early Research, Development, and Commercialization of Metallic Glasses

Direct drawing of gel fibers enabled by twist‐gel spinning process

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