Investment Characteristics of Natural Monopoly Companies

Škapa, Stanislav

doi:10.7441/joc.2012.01.03

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Nevertheless, the desire to obtain an agronomically and biologically efficient fertilizer is not a sufficient reason to make such a managerial decision because the cost of the application must also be considered (Valaskova et al, 2020). A calculation-simulating application of 1 kg CaP ha -1 at 20 km distance confirms that the application of sludge water is irrational because its P concentration is extremely low and therefore expensive (Skapa, 2012), not taking into account possible legislative restrictions.…”

Section: Economic Insightsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Novel sorbent shows promising financial results on P recovery from sludge water

2021

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Section: Economic Insightsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Novel sorbent shows promising financial results on P recovery from sludge water

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Nanoparticles can be distinguished into nanopowders, nanoclusters, nanocrystals and many other groups which can be further subdivided [1]. At the end of the 20th century, nanotechnology was perceived as the next game-changer [2]. Based on the laboratory experiments, as more and more nanomaterials of different compositions, sizes and shapes became available [3], dramatic changes were predicted to improve human lives [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silica Nanoparticles from Coir Pith Synthesized by Acidic Sol-Gel Method Improve Germination Economics

et al. 2022

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Lignin is a natural biopolymer. A vibrant and rapid process in the synthesis of silica nanoparticles by consuming the lignin as a soft template was carefully studied. The extracted biopolymer from coir pith was employed as capping and stabilizing agents to fabricate the silica nanoparticles (nSi). The synthesized silica nanoparticles (nSi) were characterized by ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). All the results obtained jointly and independently verified the formation of silica nanoparticles. In addition, EDAX analysis confirmed the high purity of the nSi composed only of Si and O, with no other impurities. XRD spectroscopy showed the characteristic diffraction peaks for nSi and confirmed the formation of an amorphous nature. The average size of nSi obtained is 18 nm. The surface charge and stability of nSi were analyzed by using the dynamic light scattering (DLS) and thus revealed that the nSi samples have a negative charge (−20.3 mV). In addition, the seed germination and the shoot and root formation on Vigna unguiculata were investigated by using the nSi. The results revealed that the application of nSi enhanced the germination in V. unguiculata. However, further research studies must be performed in order to determine the toxic effect of biogenic nSi before mass production and use of agricultural applications.

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“…Natural monopolies occur in industries with high fixed costs such as infrastructure investment, and also high barriers to entry, which may be related to network effects that benefit incumbents. Studies have identified specific concerns about the incentives of private investors to finance infrastructure in the case of natural monopolies that characterise network industries Skapa (2012). Further concerns about the incentives of natural monopolies to charge high prices for their services have warranted sector-specific regulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Big Telcos Aren’t Necessarily Better: A Case Study of EU versus US Market Concentration

Bryson¹,

Malikova²,

Garbe³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Telecommunications companies (telcos) provide infrastructure essential to the delivery of digital content. The competitiveness of European Union businesses is presently seen as critically dependent on expansion of next-generation communication technologies. Yet, EU telcos are displaying returns on capital that disappoint private investors, leading in some cases to depressed share prices, and potentially making them vulnerable to takeovers bids by financial investors. Given their essential role, the prospect of EU telcos falling into mostly foreign-owned, fiercely profit-maximizing, and/or cost-cutting investors is unappealing for policy makers, at both the national and the European level. One solution suggested by the telcos themselves is that they be allowed to consolidate. Economic theory does not provide a clear answer to how such concentration might affect investment in infrastructure. In this paper, we provide a comparative empirical analysis of the relationship between market concentration and investment in infrastructure in the telco sector. First, we compare investment rates in infrastructure by major telco companies in both the EU and the more concentrated US market. We find more value being returned to customers in the form of infrastructure investment in the less-concentrated EU market. Second, we compare telcos' profitability with that of other corporations involved in the information or ``eye-ball'' value chain. We find operating profits of telcos on both sides of the Atlantic are broadly in line with other companies of the value chain, with the notable exception of the highly concentrated digital ad exchange business. This evidence suggests that lack of incentives rather than lack of ability explains the larger portion of profits invested into infrastructure in the EU compared to the US. Rather than allowing market concentration, which could raise consumer prices and lower infrastructure investment incentives, EU regulators might consider other fund-raising mechanisms, such as redistributing profits from digital ad exchanges.

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Investment Characteristics of Natural Monopoly Companies

Cited by 11 publications

References 8 publications

Novel sorbent shows promising financial results on P recovery from sludge water

Novel sorbent shows promising financial results on P recovery from sludge water

Silica Nanoparticles from Coir Pith Synthesized by Acidic Sol-Gel Method Improve Germination Economics

Big Telcos Aren’t Necessarily Better: A Case Study of EU versus US Market Concentration

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