Investigative Urology: PGE sub 1 Suppresses the Induction of Collagen Synthesis by Transforming Growth Factor-beta sub 1 in Human Corpus Cavernosum Smooth Muscle

Moreland, Robert B.; Traish, Abdulmaged M.; McMillin, Molly A.; Smith, Barbara D.; Goldstein, Irwin; Tejada, Iñigo Sáenz de

doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(01)67730-9

Cited by 232 publications

(188 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Hence, hypoxia also causes fibrosis by loss of this 'back-up mechanism'. 31 Oxygen tension therefore is likely the critical regulator of the delicate balance of smooth muscle and connective tissue by these molecular mechanisms. Under hypoxic conditions, cavernosal smooth muscle is replaced by collagen and the venoocclusive mechanism required for EF may be significantly injured.…”

Section: Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of vacuum erection devices in penile rehabilitation after radical prostatectomy

Lehrfeld

Lee

2009

Int J Impot Res

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Even nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy damages the cavernous nerves and leads to temporary erectile dysfunction (ED) in men recovering from prostate cancer surgery. Historically, patients recovering from prostate cancer surgery have been advised that the return of erectile function (EF) can take from 6 to 18 months, or even longer. Unfortunately, the return of sexual function in these patients remains variable, but is generally thought to be dependent on the individual patient's pre-surgery EF, as well as the degree of cavernous nerve disruption during prostate removal. Recently, there has been a growing movement to proactively treat patients postoperatively for presumed nerve damage to stimulate nerve recovery and possibly reduce the degree of irreversible damage. This would reduce the on-demand therapy these patients would require, and hopefully remove the requirement for an implantable prosthesis. The underlying hypothesis is that the artificial induction of erections shortly after surgery facilitates tissue oxygenation, reducing cavernosal fibrosis in the absence of nocturnal erections, potentially increasing the likelihood of preserving EF. Vacuum erection devices (VED), because of their ability to draw blood into the penis regardless of nerve disturbance, have become the centerpiece of penile rehabilitation protocols. This review will discuss the pathophysiology of radical prostatectomy induced ED and the rationale for rehabilitation. It will then discuss current protocols, including those involving the VED.

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Section: Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of vacuum erection devices in penile rehabilitation after radical prostatectomy

Lehrfeld

Lee

2009

Int J Impot Res

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“…13 What is less well known is that vascular smooth muscle cells synthesize collagen and connective tissue proteins. 14 Human corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells in culture express type I, III, and V/XI ®brillar collagens. 14 Type IV collagen plays an important role in basement membrane assembly and has been reported in Figure 1 The seesaw of erectile (dys)function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14 Human corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells in culture express type I, III, and V/XI ®brillar collagens. 14 Type IV collagen plays an important role in basement membrane assembly and has been reported in Figure 1 The seesaw of erectile (dys)function. At¯accidity, corpus cavernosal blood PO 2 is low (25±40 mm Hg 1 ), the trabecular smooth muscle of the lacunar spaces contracted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have demonstrated the expression of TGF-b 1 mRNA in human corpus cavernosum by Northern blot analysis, 14 reverse-transcribed polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of archival surgical specimens, 2 and TGF-b protein by immunohistochemical staining in corpus cavernosum biopsies. 21 Further, oxygen tensions consistent with¯accid blood PO 2 (30 mm Hg) induce TGF-b 1 mRNA expression approximately two-fold in eighteen hours and threefold in twenty four hours.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,14 The actions of TGF-b 1 are dependent on three different subclasses of cell surface receptors. 22,23 Human corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells express all three types of TGF-b receptors as determined by crosslinking to [ 125 I]-TGF-b 1 2,14 The type II receptor is expressed more than the type I, consistent with a smooth muscle phenotype. 24 The dose of TGF-b 1 which results in half-maximal stimulation of collagen synthesis in human corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells is consistent with the reported af®nity constants for the high af®nity receptors (Kd $ 8 pM).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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