Investigations on the water intake of lactating dairy cows

Meyer, Ulrich; Everinghoff, Matthias; Gädeken, Dieter; Flachowsky, Gerhard

doi:10.1016/j.livprodsci.2004.03.005

Cited by 90 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The measurements of drinking water intake on the commercial farm in North-East Germany were compared with the following regression functions from literature [7][8][9][10]:…”

Section: Regression Functions Of the Drinking Water Demandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drinking and Cleaning Water Use in a Dairy Cow Barn

Krauß

Drastig

Prochnow

et al. 2016

Water

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Abstract:Water is used in dairy farming for producing feed, watering the animals, and cleaning and disinfecting barns and equipment. The objective of this study was to investigate the drinking and cleaning water use in a dairy cow barn. The water use was measured on a well-managed commercial dairy farm in North-East Germany. Thirty-eight water meters were installed in a barn with 176 cows and two milking systems (an automatic milking system and a herringbone parlour). Their counts were logged hourly over 806 days. On average, the cows in the automatic milking system used 91.1 (SD 14.3) L drinking water per cow per day, while those in the herringbone parlour used 54.4 (SD 5.3) L per cow per day. The cows drink most of the water during the hours of (natural and artificial) light in the barn. Previously published regression functions of drinking water intake of the cows were reviewed and a new regression function based on the ambient temperature and the milk yield was developed (drinking water intake (L per cow per day) =´27.937 + 0.49ˆmean temperature + 3.15ˆmilk yield (R 2 = 0.67)). The cleaning water demand had a mean of 28.6 (SD 14.8) L per cow per day in the automatic milking system, and a mean of 33.8 (SD 14.1) L per cow per day in the herringbone parlour. These findings show that the total technical water use in the barn makes only a minor contribution to water use in dairy farming compared with the water use for feed production.

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“…The measurements of drinking water intake on the commercial farm in North-East Germany were compared with the following regression functions from literature [7][8][9][10]:…”

Section: Regression Functions Of the Drinking Water Demandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drinking and Cleaning Water Use in a Dairy Cow Barn

Krauß

Drastig

Prochnow

et al. 2016

Water

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“…The calculation of the WF for animal products includes the water required for feed production (about 98 % of total water; Gerbens- Leenes et al, 2013;Mekonnen and Hoekstra, 2010), drinking water for animals (about 1 %; Meyer et al, 2004Meyer et al, , 2006 and management water (< 1 %; Krauss et al, 2016;Schlink et al, 2010).…”

Section: Water Need For Animal Husbandry and Drinkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These factors can be divided into two subcategories: (1) animal factors such as animal species and categories, body size, activity level, animal feeding (including salt intake), and yield and (2) environmental factors such as ambient temperature, relative humidity and wind velocity (e.g., GfE, 2001;Kamphues et al, 2007;Meyer et al, 2004Meyer et al, , 2006. Further research is needed to unveil the mechanisms used by animals that are resilient to water shortage and to determine how to increase water use efficiency in livestock.…”

Section: Water Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

Invited review: Resource inputs and land, water and carbon footprints from the production of edible protein of animal origin

2018

Self Cite

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Abstract. The objective of this review is to analyze crucial factors in the output from the production of proteins in food of animal origin, such as milk, meat and eggs. We then consider inputs such as land, water, fuel, minerals and feed, as well as characterize emissions. Finally, we estimate footprints for land (land footprint, LF), water (water footprint, WF) and greenhouse gas emissions (i.e., carbon footprint, CF) during the production process. The wide range of different land and water inputs per unit feed between various studies largely influences the results. Further influencing factors are species and categories of animals that produce edible protein, their yields and the feeding of animals. Coproducts with no or low humanly edible fractions and grassland as feed contribute to a lower need for arable land and lower LF, WF and CF. The most efficient land use or the lowest LF per kilogram of edible protein was estimated for higher milk and egg yields; the highest LF values were calculated for beef, followed by pork. The lowest WF and CF were calculated for edible protein of chicken meat and eggs. Edible protein from ruminants is mostly characterized by a higher CF because of the high greenhouse gas potential of methane produced in the rumen. A key prerequisite for further progress in this field is the harmonization of data collection and calculation methods. Alternatives to partial or complete replacement of protein of terrestrial animals, such as marine animals, insects, cell cultures, single-cell proteins or "simulated animal products" from plants, as well as changing eating patterns and reducing food losses are mentioned as further potential ways for more efficient feed production. For all those dealing with plant or animal breeding and cultivation and all those who are working along the whole food production chain, it is a major challenge to enhance the production of more food for more people with, at the same time, less, limited resources and lower emissions.

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“…Loss of water from the body occurs through milk production, urine and fecal excretion, sweat and vapour loss from lungs (NRC, 2001). A adequate water intake is essential to avoid negative effects on animal health, performance and welfare (Murphy,1992;Meyer et al, 2004), and 25 and 50% restriction of drinking water relative to ad libitum intake decreased feed intake and milk yield in dairy cows (Steiger Burgos et al, 2001). Results of several experiments showed that an average of 83% of the water demand is met by drinking (NRC, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drinking regime evaluation with continuous ruminal monitoring boluses

Hanušovský

Bíro

Šimko

et al. 2017

Acta fytotechn zootechn

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The aim of this study was to continuously monitored drinking regime of 7 dairy cows of Holstein breed using boluses during 24 weeks of lactation in relation to the outside temperature and observed daily drinking regime with the impact of drinking on rumen temperature at University Experimental Farm in Oponice. Animals were fed once daily and milked 3 times per day. The bolus pH and temperature values implemented via esophagus were measured every 15 minutes (96 data points per day) with accuracy ±0.1 ph and °C. Outside temperature by FREEMETEO meteorological server (48 times per day) was measured. Outside temperature can affect the drinking regime of dairy cows. During lactation weeks with higher outside temperature higher average number of drinking events (ANDE) was determined. The biggest difference between weeks in ANDE 18.33% (p = 0.000) was found. Daily ANDE 9.25±1.85 and average daily temperature (ADT) 19.03±5.19 °C were observed. The most of the drinking events (NDE) concentrated to 4 main peaks (25.17%) during working hours (74.98%) was found. After the feed intake and milking the highest frequencies of NDE were observed. The highest average ruminal temperature after drinking (ARTAD) during night before first feeding due to lower NDE in this time were found. Overall ARTAD 36.86 °C was observed. The most measured ruminal temperatures after drinking (RTAD) (51.53%) in the interval 35-37 °C were found. This research proved that continuous ruminal monitoring with boluses is an appropriate tool for drinking regime evaluation and heat stress determination in herd of dairy cows.

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Investigations on the water intake of lactating dairy cows

Cited by 90 publications

References 10 publications

Drinking and Cleaning Water Use in a Dairy Cow Barn

Drinking and Cleaning Water Use in a Dairy Cow Barn

Invited review: Resource inputs and land, water and carbon footprints from the production of edible protein of animal origin

Drinking regime evaluation with continuous ruminal monitoring boluses

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