Investigations on the possibilities of a biological control of <i>Rhamnus cathartica</i> L. in Canada: Host ranges, feeding sites, and phenology of insects associated with European <i>Rhamnaceae</i>

Malicky, Hans; Sobhian, R.; Zwölfer, H.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0418.1970.tb03941.x

Cited by 15 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Many species of insects associate with R. cathartica in Europe (Hulme 1914;Gurney 1958;Malicky et al 1970;Gassmann 2005) where several species of moths and psyllids seem to be specific to R. cathartica (Gassmann 2005). Determination of their suitability for biocontrol is ongoing (Gassmann 2005).…”

Section: Interactions With Natural Enemiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecology and ecosystem impacts of common buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica): a review

et al. 2007

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In this review, we synthesize the current knowledge of the ecology and impacts of Rhamnus cathartica L., a shrub from Europe and Asia that is a successful invader in North America. Physiological studies have uncovered traits including shade tolerance, rapid growth, high photosynthetic rates, a wide tolerance of moisture and drought, and an unusual phenology that may give R. cathartica an advantage in the environments it invades. Its high fecundity, bird-dispersed fruit, high germination rates, seedling success in disturbed conditions, and secondary metabolite production may also contribute to its ability to rapidly increase in abundance and impact ecosystems. R. cathartica impacts ecosystems through changes in soil N, elimination of the leaf litter layer, possible facilitation of earthworm invasions, unsubstantiated effects on native plants through allelopathy or competition, and effects on animals that may or may not be able to use it for food or habitat.

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Section: Interactions With Natural Enemiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecology and ecosystem impacts of common buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica): a review

et al. 2007

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“…Moreover, buckthorn benefits from an extended period of photosynthetic activity. In fact, glossy buckthorn's leaf emergence occurs earlier (mid-May) and its leaves senesce and fall later (October) than many other woody species, providing it with a longer growing season [4,21]. These two characteristics may be particularly significant contributions to buckthorn success when it is growing in a forest understory, where light availability during the growing season is limited [22].…”

Section: Response (Y)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Aboveground Biomass of Glossy Buckthorn is Similar in Open and Understory Environments but Architectural Strategy Differs

Hamelin

Gagnon

Truax

2015

Forests

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Abstract:The exotic shrub glossy buckthorn (Frangula alnus) is a great concern among forest managers because it invades both open and shaded environments. To evaluate if buckthorn grows similarly across light environments, and if adopting different shapes contributes to an efficient use of light, we compared buckthorns growing in an open field and in the understory of a mature hybrid poplar plantation. For a given age, the relationships describing aboveground biomass of buckthorns in the open field and in the plantation were not significantly different. However, we observed a significant difference between the diameter-height relationships in the two environments. These results suggest a change in buckthorn's architecture, depending on the light environment in which it grows. Buckthorn adopts either an arborescent shape under a tree canopy, or a shrubby shape in an open field, to optimally capture the light available. This architectural plasticity helps explain a similar invasion success for glossy buckthorn growing in both open and shaded environments, at least up to the canopy closure level of the plantation used for this study.

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“…Nearly all the phytophagous insects associated with Rhamnaceae were either lepidopterans or hemipterans; Coleoptera found on Rhamnaceae were not usually species-specific (Malicky et al 1970). Maw (1984) recommended discontinuing research into the biological control of R. cathartica, because of difficulties in finding specific control agents to eliminate large populations of R. cathartica, but he admitted that introduced biological control agents might reduce the impact of R. cathartica as a carrier of oat crown rust, by reducing the size and number of shrubs.…”

Section: Response To Other Human Manipulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A survey for biological control agents made by the Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control in 1964 found many herbivores on R. cathartica in Europe but relatively few in Canada (Malicky et al 1970). Nearly all the phytophagous insects associated with Rhamnaceae were either lepidopterans or hemipterans; Coleoptera found on Rhamnaceae were not usually species-specific (Malicky et al 1970).…”

Section: Response To Other Human Manipulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The biology of Canadian weeds. 139. Rhamnus cathartica L.

Qaderi

Clements²,

Cavers³

2009

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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European buckthorn, Rhamnus cathartica L., is an introduced shrub or small tree of forests, thickets, open pastures, hedgerows, roadsides, and riparian habitats. In Canada, it is found from Alberta east to the Maritimes, but is absent from Newfoundland. It is particularly abundant in southern Ontario. Problems arise from its status as an alternate host for the fungi Puccinia coronata Corda. f. sp. avenae Eriks., which causes crown rust and leaf rust of oats and for Puccinia coronata var. hordei Jin & Steff., which causes crown rust of barley. It is also the overwintering host for the recently invasive soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, which has been described as a serious threat to soybean production in North America. Prolific fruit production, in combination with extensive seedling establishment and shade tolerance, allows R. cathartica to dominate an understorey quickly. Its ability to tolerate a wide range of conditions, at least in fairly moist areas, may lead to further expansion of its Canadian range. Control strategies should focus on reducing populations in close proximity to oats, soybeans or barley and to reduce its abundance in areas of ecological importance. Key words: Rhamnus cathartica, European buckthorn, Puccinia coronata, soybean aphid, weed biology

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Investigations on the possibilities of a biological control of Rhamnus cathartica L. in Canada: Host ranges, feeding sites, and phenology of insects associated with European Rhamnaceae

Cited by 15 publications

References 3 publications

Ecology and ecosystem impacts of common buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica): a review

Ecology and ecosystem impacts of common buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica): a review

Aboveground Biomass of Glossy Buckthorn is Similar in Open and Understory Environments but Architectural Strategy Differs

The biology of Canadian weeds. 139. Rhamnus cathartica L.

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