Investigations on the microstructure of drawn arc stud welds on structural steels by quantitative metallography

Brätz, Oliver; Henkel, Knuth‐Michael

doi:10.1007/s40194-022-01417-y

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(70 reference statements)

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“…The hygroscopic behavior can be suppressed by applying commercial hydrophobic agents for building protection before. In [2] it was found, that there is no negatively affect on the weld process. In this study, "modified" ferrules were dip impregnated with Evonik Protectosil ® BNH.…”

Section: Variation Of Storage Conditions Of Ceramic Ferrulesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Thus, there is a risk of enhanced hydrogen cracking susceptibility, especially for stud welding on high strength steels or under adverse welding conditions [1]. The scope of application for stud welding comprises usage under harsh surrounding conditions like underwater for repair and maintenance measures in hydraulic steelwork [2], repair of offshore installations [3] or welding on construction site in general due to weather reasons [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diffusible Hydrogen Concentration in Drawn Arc Stud Weldments

Brätz

Henkel

2021

ce papers

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The mechanized drawn arc stud welding is a well established process in steel construction for joining technique for pin shaped elements, especially in the field of composite constructions. Therefore, the process is commonly applied on construction sites under different climatic conditions. The process is characterized by its relatively high heat input due to high current and a weld pool protection that is realized by a ceramic ferrule holding the metal vapor as a shielding gas. However, turbulences inside the ferrule during welding cause contaminations with atmospheric humidity. Furthermore, a high cooling rate results in a strongly hardened heat‐affected zone and a considerable residual stress state in the parent material. Thus, there is a risk of hydrogen assisted cold cracking, especially for stud welding on high strength steels or under adverse welding conditions. The knowledge about the expectable hydrogen concentration is fundamental for evaluating the cold cracking susceptibility. In this study, the effect storage conditions of the consumables and atmospheric conditions are investigated and evaluated regarding their effect on the resulting hydrogen concentration in weld metal. For determination of diffusible hydrogen concentration in stud weld metal a method based on the carrier gas hot extraction is used.

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Section: Variation Of Storage Conditions Of Ceramic Ferrulesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusible Hydrogen Concentration in Drawn Arc Stud Weldments

Brätz

Henkel

2021

ce papers

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“…Welding processes are included in the group of special processes that require formalized supervision, which results, among others, from the ISO 9001 standard, and is included in detail in EN ISO 3834 [1,2]. For this reason, much attention is paid to the issues of ensuring the quality of welded joints.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Arc Strikes on High Strength Low Alloy Steels Welded by SMAW

Fydrych,

Raczko,

Świerczyńska

et al. 2023

Adv. Sci. Technol. Res. J.

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Wet welding with covered electrodes (Shielded Metal Arc Welding -SMAW) is the most commonly used method of carrying out welding repair works in a water environment. Limited visibility and the inability to move freely under water result in an increased risk of formation of welding imperfections such as lack of fusion, lack of penetration and arc strikes. The work focused on changes in the properties and structure of steel subjected to the impact of short (0.2 s) arc ignitions generated by covered electrodes in air and under water for three high strength steel grades: S460N, S460M and S500MC. Visual tests, macroscopic and microscopic metallographic tests, microhardness measurements and diffusible hydrogen content in deposited metal determination were performed. A significant influence of the environment on changes in the morphology and microhardness of steel in the vicinity of arc strikes was found. The microhardness of the areas covered by the rapid thermal cycle caused by SMAW increased from 200-230 HV0.5 to 400-500 HV0.5 depending on the steel grade. The presence of welding imperfections: cavities and cracks were detected. The susceptibility of all steel grades subjected to short thermal cycles to cracking was confirmed by the results of measurements of the diffusible hydrogen content: 38.6 ml/100 g and 84.5 ml/100 g for air and water environment, respectively. No influence of changes in the welding current on the behavior of the material in the tested conditions was found. The conducted research shows that leaving arc strikes on the structure may have serious consequences and cause a failure.

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Evaluation of hardness and impact toughness of drawn arc stud weldments on different structural steel grades

Brätz

Henkel²

2023

Weld World

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The drawn arc stud welding (DASW) procedure is usually qualified by visual examinations and practical destructive tests of the joint according to international standards. An assessment of the material properties in specific weld zone regions is not requested under consideration of their limited areas or the general joint dimension although the press welding process implies a complex metallurgy. Nonetheless, there is a need of knowledge regarding the heterogeneous material properties in the weld zone, especially when welding on base materials with specified strength and toughness behavior that might be significantly diminished. In this study, the local strength and toughness properties in welded joints of non-alloyed steel studs (Ø20 mm) on plates of different generic structural steel grades are investigated by hardness test and Charpy impact testing. A non-alloyed normalized structural steel (nominal yield strength 355 MPa) and a thermomechanically rolled fine grain structural steel of same strength as well as a quenched and tempered structural steel with high nominal yield strength of 690 MPa were examined. In the weld metal region, relatively similar hardness and low impact energy were determined despite of the different base plate steel grades. The base plate heat-affected zones suffer a strong embrittlement due to the DASW thermocycle.

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Investigations on the microstructure of drawn arc stud welds on structural steels by quantitative metallography

Cited by 6 publications

References 28 publications

Diffusible Hydrogen Concentration in Drawn Arc Stud Weldments

Diffusible Hydrogen Concentration in Drawn Arc Stud Weldments

Effect of Arc Strikes on High Strength Low Alloy Steels Welded by SMAW

Evaluation of hardness and impact toughness of drawn arc stud weldments on different structural steel grades

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