“…The most popular shapes are bilinear (Alfano, 2006), polynomial (Needleman, 1987), exponential (De Moura et al, 2008), trapezoidal (De Moura et al, 2008, etc. The proper choice of the TSL can be crucial (Scheider and Brocks, 2003;Siddiqui et al, 2014). However, the bilinear model is commonly used due to its simplicity (Alfano, 2006).…”