Investigations on Soot Formation in Heptane Jet Diffusion Flames by Optical Techniques

Reimann, Jörg; Kuhlmann, S.-A.; Will, Stefan

doi:10.1007/s12217-010-9204-y

Cited by 17 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Jeon and Choi [3] studied the buoyancy effect on soot formation in a gas-jet diffusion flame in partial gravity conditions from 0.3 g to 1 g. The soot volume fraction was measured by extinction and found to increase with reduced gravity level. Reimann et al [4] performed LII in a drop tower, measuring both soot concentration and primary particle size. In microgravity, the maximum soot particle size is roughly double that of the 1-g case.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An experimental and computational study of soot formation in a coflow jet flame under microgravity and normal gravity

Cao

Giassi

et al. 2015

Proceedings of the Combustion Institute

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Upon the completion of the Structure and Liftoff in Combustion Experiment (SLICE) in March 2012, a comprehensive and unique set of microgravity coflow diffusion flame data was obtained. This data covers a range of conditions from weak flames near extinction to strong, highly sooting flames, and enabled the study of gravitational effects on phenomena such as liftoff, blowout and soot formation. The microgravity experiment was carried out in the Microgravity Science Glovebox (MSG) on board the International Space Station (ISS), while the normal gravity experiment was performed at Yale utilizing a copy of the flight hardware. Computational simulations of microgravity and normal gravity flames were also carried out to facilitate understanding of the experimental observations. This paper focuses on the different sooting behaviors of CH 4 coflow jet flames in microgravity and normal gravity. The unique set of data serves as an excellent test case for developing more accurate computational models. Experimentally, the flame shape and size, lift-off height, and soot temperature were determined from line-of-sight flame emission images taken with a color digital camera. Soot volume fraction was determined by performing an absolute light calibration using the incandescence from a flame-heated thermocouple. Computationally, the MC-Smooth vorticity-velocity formulation was employed to describe the chemically reacting flow, and the soot evolution was modeled by the sectional aerosol equations. The governing equations and boundary conditions were discretized on an axisymmetric computational domain by finite differences, and the resulting system of fully coupled, highly nonlinear equations was solved by a damped, modified Newton's method. The microgravity sooting flames were found to have lower soot temperatures and higher volume fraction than their normal gravity counterparts. The soot distribution tends to shift from the centerline of the flame to the wings from normal gravity to microgravity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An experimental and computational study of soot formation in a coflow jet flame under microgravity and normal gravity

Cao

Giassi

et al. 2015

Proceedings of the Combustion Institute

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“…[5,6]. The trend of increase in both soot mass and size have been experimentally observed by Walsh et al [7], Jeon and Choi [8], and Reimann et al [9,10] using multiple optical measurement techniques. Experimental observations of non-buoyant round laminar jet diffusion flames were made for various jet flames burning in still air by Diez et al [11] on board the Space Shuttle Columbia to correlate soot volume fraction with estimated mixture fraction for a selection of fuels/pressures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 63%

A computational study of soot formation and flame structure of coflow laminar methane/air diffusion flames under microgravity and normal gravity

Veshkini

Dworkin

2017

Combustion Theory and Modelling

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A computational study of soot formation and flame structure of coflow laminar methane/air diffusion flames under microgravity and normal gravityA numerical study is conducted of methane-air coflow diffusion flames at microgravity (µg) and normal gravity (1g), and comparisons are made with experimental data in the literature. The model employed uses a detailed gas phase chemical kinetic mechanism that includes PAH formation and growth, and is coupled to a sectional soot particle dynamics model. The model is able to accurately predict the trends observed experimentally with reduction of gravity without any tuning of the model for different flames. The microgravity sooting flames were found to have lower temperatures and higher volume fraction than their normal gravity counterparts. In the absence of gravity, the flame radii increase due to elimination of buoyance forces and reduction of flow velocity, which is consistent with experimental observations. Soot formation along the wings is seen to be surface growth dominated, while PAH condensation plays a more major role on centerline soot formation. Surface growth and PAH growth increase in microgravity primarily due to increases in the residence time inside the flame. The rate of increase of surface growth is more significant compared to PAH growth, which causes soot distribution to shift from the centerline of the flame to the wings in microgravity.

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“…Details about the experiments may be found in the publications of Reimann and Will (2005) and Reimann et al (2010) of which Fig. 4 shows one example result.…”

Section: Experiments On Soot Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

ESA’s Drop Tower Utilisation Activities 2000 to 2011

Kufner

Blum

Callens

et al. 2011

Microgravity Sci. Technol.

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The European Space Research and Technology Center ESTEC, ESA's premises in Noordwijk, The Netherlands, has a long lasting cooperation with the ZARM-FAB (Centre of Applied Space Technology and Microgravity-Drop Tower Operation and Service Company) in Bremen on the utilization of the Drop Tower for ground-based microgravity research and space hardware development studies. During the ESA will have procured in total some 840 drops addressing a variety of scientific and technological disciplines. The experiments are usually carried out in campaigns of 15 to 20 drops each, with an annual average of about 5 campaigns. The cooperation agreement between ESA and the ZARM-FAB includes experiment preparation advice by ZARM's experts, the integration of the hardware into the drop capsule, dedicated safety reviews, the execution of the drop or catapult experiments, the post-flight payload de-integration as well as the handover of acquired data to the experimenters. The experiment hardware itself is provided by the scientists or has to be procured from sources outside of ESA's drop tower utilization contract. ESA appreciates the cooperation of the ZARM-FAB in Bremen whose dropand catapult facility provides excellent microgravity quality, is operated by a highly competent, flexible and extremely supportive expert team, allows campaign integration at relatively short notice throughout the entire year, offers real-time experiment operations and immediately after each drop delivers experiment results and provides on-site hardware modification possibilities.Keywords ESA/ESTEC · Ground-based microgravity studies · Drop and catapult experiments · Fluids and combustion research · Dust and granular matter studies · Origin of life experiment · Student campaigns

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Investigations on Soot Formation in Heptane Jet Diffusion Flames by Optical Techniques

Cited by 17 publications

References 28 publications

An experimental and computational study of soot formation in a coflow jet flame under microgravity and normal gravity

An experimental and computational study of soot formation in a coflow jet flame under microgravity and normal gravity

A computational study of soot formation and flame structure of coflow laminar methane/air diffusion flames under microgravity and normal gravity

ESA’s Drop Tower Utilisation Activities 2000 to 2011

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