Investigations on side‐effects of the mixed biocide GCSC‐BtA on different predators of Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lep., Plutellidae) in southeastern China

Abstract

The present paper deals with laboratory studies on side‐effects of the mixed biocide GCSC‐BtA on Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lep., Plutellidae) and its predators, e. g. Amblyseius longispinosus (Evans) (Acari, Phytoseiidae), Erigonidium graminicola (Sundvall) (Araneae, Linyphiidae), Orius similis Zheng (Het., Anthocoridae) and Coccinella septempunctata L.(Col., Coccinellidae), in comparison to the commercial insecticides, e. g. Abamectin, Tebufenozide, Dichlorvos, Cartap and Lambda‐cyhalothrin. The results showed that GCSC‐BtA was highly toxic to the 3rd instar of P. xylostella with 91.18 % mortality, followed by Cartap with 84.38 %, Abamectin with 78.00 %, Tebufenozide with 75.57 %, Lambda‐cyhalothrin with 63.75 % and Dichlorvos with 50.86 % mortality. On the other hand, GCSC‐BtA was found to be comparatively less toxic to the predators, causing 31.11 %, 13.33 %, 11.54 % and 6.00 % mortalities in A. longispinosus, E. graminicola, O. similis and C. septempunctata, respectively. For comparison, the mortalities recorded for Abamectin, Tebufenozide, Dichlorvos, Cartap, Lambda‐cyhalothrin were 72.94 %, 55.55 %, 70.00 %, 53.26 % and 98.85 % in A. longispinosus, 46.51 %, 55.10 %, 60.00 %, 46.00 % and 73.68 % in E. graminicola, 22.00 %, 16.00 %, 35.71 %, 26.78 % and 81.03 % in O. similis, 15.55 %, 19.64 %, 28.00 %, 16.66 % and 41.79 % in C. septempunctata, respectively. Cluster analysis was introduced to group the mortalities caused by the treatments into three toxicity groups with the distance of D = 4.1. The 1st group consisted of GCSC‐BtA characterized with low toxicity to all the predators tested with 15.49 % mortality on average (highest 31.11 % and lowest 6.00 %). The 2nd group consisted of Abamectin, Tebufenozide, Dichlorvos and Cartap with moderate toxicity to the predators with 39.96 % mortality on average. The 3rd group included Lambda‐cyhalothrin with high toxicity to the predators with 73.83 % mortality on average (highest 98.85 % and lowest 41.70 %). The susceptibility of the pest and its predators to GCSC‐BtA and the insecticides is discussed. GCSC‐BtA as a biological control agent is recommended for use in the integrated pests control programs in the vegetable fields.

Toxicity of biocide GCSC-BtA on arthropod pests under different temperature conditions

“…The current study also showed that GCSC-BtA displayed high toxicity to the acarine mite, T. cinnabarinus, the homopterous pest, A. fabae and the lepidopterous pest, P. xylostella., which were agreed with the previous work done by Liu and Sengonca (2002), Furthermore, it was firstly recoded that GCSC-BtA was toxic to the thysanopterous pest, F. occidentalis and the lepidopterous leaf-miner, C. ohridella. The translaminar activity of GCSC-BtA could be expected, since Abamectin, an ingredient in GCSC-BtA, had been reported with the translaminar effect against another leaf-miner Liriomyza huidobrensis Blanch.…”

Residual effects of four pesticides on the predatory bug,Orius albidipennisReut. (Hem.: Anthocoridae)

“…Van de Veire et al (2002) showed mortality of dichlorvos, pymetrozine and abamectin on O. leavigatus and concluded that these pesticides were classified harmful in IPM programmes as IOBC standard. Liu and Sengonca (2002) reported 22 and 35.71% mortality by abamectin and dichlorvos in O. similis. Yi et al (2006) compared fumigant toxicity of plant essential oils with dichlorvos, abamectin, benzoate, spinosad and thiamethoxam to the adult of O. strigicollis and reported dichlorvos as the most toxic compound.…”

Biorational Insecticides — Mechanisms, Selectivity and Importance in Pest Management

“…This can explain the inhibition of egg hatch in the predator Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens), after exposure to diflubenzuron, and the nontoxic effect observed in the ecdysoneagonist, tebufenozide. In comparative assays, tebufenozide was harmless to various predators of cotton pests (Elzen 2001), but it was found moderately toxic to predators of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Liu and Sengonca 2002). In laboratory and field trials, tebufenozide was not toxic to the coccinellid predator, Stethorus punctum (LeConte); but other IGRs, including fenoxycarb and teflubenzuron, were harmful to some stages of this predator (Biddinger and Hull 1995).…”

“…This compound is very effective in controlling cabbage lepidopteran pest complex such as Pieris rapae (L.), P. Xylostella, and T. ni (Hines and Hutchison 2001;Liu and Sengonca 2002). On the other hand, spinosad was not effective for controlling thrips in tomatoes or for suppression of the tomato spotted wilt virus (McPherson et al 2002).…”