“…They also presented the prediction of the bead geometry using BPNN-PSO as combined BPNN and PSO is similar to the experimental geometry. Tomaz et al [9] proposed the welding parameter optimization for the gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process using the AISI 1020 plate and UTP AF Ledurit 60, 68 wire. They built a database by analyzing the correlations between process parameters, such as welding current, welding speed, nozzle stand-off distance, travel angle, and wire feed pulse frequency, and output parameters, such as reinforcement, penetration, bead width, and dilution.…”