Investigations on in vitro survival and virulence of T. pallidum under aerobiosis.

Rathlev, Tara

doi:10.1136/sti.51.5.296

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Empiric studies attempting to grow T. pallidum have focused on the elimination of oxygen in the medium and the creation of an anaerobic atmosphere adapted to its growth. The insights provided by McCord and colleagues on the enzymatic classification of anaerobes and aerobes, as well the fact that T. pallidum can survive in testicular lesions and therefore to exposure to oxygen, have prompted the idea to co-culture T. pallidum with an organism possessing a superoxide dismutase which it lacked [37]. The cell culture technique was thus adapted to co-culture T. pallidum with different mammalian…”

Section: Historic Perspective Of the Approaches Used In The Attempts To Culture T Pallidummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In vitro propagation of T. pallidum, extracted from infected tissue using density based separation, was thus achieved by co-culture with various mammalian cells, such as cells derived from rabbit testicular tissue, the most used cell lines [27]. This method was able to maintain the viability and virulence of T. pallidum [27,[37][38][39], leading to a momentary shift towards co-culture at the expense of axenic culture. These assays were evaluated using the same two criteria (morphology/viability and pathogenicity) as the previous studies with both needed to validate an experiment.…”

Section: Cell Lines Origin Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…pallidum can survive in testicular lesions and therefore to exposure to oxygen, have prompted the idea to co-culture T. pallidum with an organism possessing a superoxide dismutase which it lacked [37]. The cell culture technique was thus adapted to co-culture T.…”

Section: Historic Perspective Of the Approaches Used In The Attempts To Culture T Pallidummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This method was able to maintain the viability and virulence of T. pallidum [27, 37–39], leading to a momentary shift towards co-culture at the expense of axenic culture. These assays were evaluated using the same two criteria (morphology/viability and pathogenicity) as the previous studies with both needed to validate an experiment.…”

Section: Historic Perspective Of the Approaches Used In The Attempts To Culture T Pallidummentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of in vitro attempts to develop the axenic culture of Treponema pallidum and genomics-based suggestions to achieve this elusive goal

Belkacemi

Alou

Khelaifia

et al. 2021

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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To date, the axenic culture of Treponema pallidum remains a challenge in the field of microbiology despite countless attempts. Here, we conducted a comprehensive bibliographic analysis using several databases and search engines, namely Pubmed, Google scholar, Google, Web of Science and Scopus. Numerous unsuccessful empiric studies have been conducted and evaluated using as criteria dark-field microscopic observation of motile spiral shaped cells in the culture and virulence of the culture through rabbit infectivity. All of these studies failed to induce rabbit infectivity, even when deemed positive after microscopic observation leading to the misnomer of avirulent T. pallidum . In fact, this criterion was improperly chosen because not all spiral shaped cells are T. pallidum . However, these studies led to the formulation of culture media particularly favourable to the growth of several species of Treponema, including Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Zürich medium (OMIZ), Oral Treponeme Enrichment Broth (OTEB) and T-Raoult, thus allowing the increase in the number of cultivable strains of Treponema . The predicted metabolic capacities of T. pallidum show limited metabolism, also exhibited by other non-cultured and pathogenic Treponema species, in contrast to cultured Treponema species. The advent of next generation sequencing represents a turning point in this field, as the knowledge inferred from the genome can finally lead to the axenic culture of T. pallidum .

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Section: Historic Perspective Of the Approaches Used In The Attempts To Culture T Pallidummentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cell Lines Origin Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Historic Perspective Of the Approaches Used In The Attempts To Culture T Pallidummentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Historic Perspective Of the Approaches Used In The Attempts To Culture T Pallidummentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A review of in vitro attempts to develop the axenic culture of Treponema pallidum and genomics-based suggestions to achieve this elusive goal

Belkacemi

Alou

Khelaifia

et al. 2021

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…Different combinations and concentrations of glutathione, cysteine, and thioglycollate were used. Optimum survival occurred at Eh -230 to -240 mV (pH [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Another SH agent, dithiothreitol, has recently been added to the list of beneficial agents .5 In the last five years, there has been a resurgence of interest in attempts to cultivate T pallidum in the presence of tissue culture cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfhydryl oxidation using procedures and experimental conditions commonly used for Treponema pallidum.

Fitzgerald¹,

Johnson²,

Wolff³

1980

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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SUMMARY Certain reducing agents containing sulfhydryl groups are important to the in-vitro survival of Treponema pallidum. Discrepancies occur, however, concerning the agents and the concentrations that are optimal. To clarify some of this confusion, sulfhydryl oxidation was determined using procedures and experimental conditions commonly used for Tpallidum. Sulfhydryl oxidation varied according to the type of culture medium, the size of the culture vessels, the volume of the culture medium, and the gaseous environment within the culture vessels, as well as the method of extracting treponemes from infected testicular tissue. Dithiothreitol maintained highly reduced conditions by reducing disulfide groups to sulfhydryl groups. Lastly, the organisms influenced the sulfhydryl concentration by either direct oxidation or specific uptake. The sulfhydryl content was sharply decreased in the presence of viable preparations of T pallidum compared with heated preparations or membrane filtrates of viable preparations.

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Virulence and Adhesion of the Treponema pallidum Nichols Strain Simultaneously Decrease in a Continuous-Infection New Zealand White Rabbit Model

et al. 2023

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Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by T. pallidum, and the T. pallidum Nichols strain is widely used with the New Zealand white rabbit model for evaluating drug and vaccine protection. However, changes in the virulence of T. pallidum during transmission are still unknown. Herein, we explored the virulence of T. pallidum in the rabbit model of continuous infection through phenotype observation and further investigated the relationship between virulence and adhesion. During the construction of the syphilis rabbit model, the optimal dose of 10 4 /site of T. pallidum was determined to effectively observe the depiction of syphilis lesions and immune responses for further virulence evaluation. Its virulence was gradually weakened during the interaction with host cells or the testicular passage, which was also proven using the pathological phenotype of the syphilis rabbit model. In addition, the adhesive ability of T. pallidum was reduced with increasing generation, which was verified via the co-incubation of the pathogen with Sf1Ep cells. This study provides insight into the relationship by which the virulence and adhesion of T. pallidum were decreased in a New Zealand white rabbit model of continuous infection and contributes to our knowledge regarding the development of syphilis.

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Investigations on in vitro survival and virulence of T. pallidum under aerobiosis.

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

A review of in vitro attempts to develop the axenic culture of Treponema pallidum and genomics-based suggestions to achieve this elusive goal

A review of in vitro attempts to develop the axenic culture of Treponema pallidum and genomics-based suggestions to achieve this elusive goal

Sulfhydryl oxidation using procedures and experimental conditions commonly used for Treponema pallidum.

Virulence and Adhesion of the Treponema pallidum Nichols Strain Simultaneously Decrease in a Continuous-Infection New Zealand White Rabbit Model

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