Investigations on Decreased High Temperature Ductility of Different Continuously Cast Steel Grades

Fix, Carolin; Borrmann, Lukas; Elixmann, Sina-Maria; Grahe, Carolin; Kurenbach, Svenja; Senk, Dieter

doi:10.1002/srin.202100323

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(111 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, torsion, compression, and bending tests are applied. [ 38 ] To account for specific process conditions in continuous casting also special test equipment has been developed. [ 40 ] In our work, a homemade shear test apparatus was developed by the authors at the Clausthal University of Technology, Figure 1 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, high‐temperature tensile testing after in situ melting is preferably applied. [ 38 ] This aspect is also taken into account by measuring the strength of a solidifying shell. [ 22 ] Compared to low alloyed steels for high Mn steels, a significantly higher strength of the simulated solidified strand shell and an increased susceptibility for internal crack formation were found.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High‐Temperature Properties of High Mn Steel with Al, Si, and C

Wang¹,

Spitzer

2022

steel research int.

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In the automotive industry, greenhouse gas emission reduction and improvement of vehicle safety are the main goals. New materials are considered to contribute significantly to this aim. [1] In this respect steels combining both high strength and high ductility offer considerable benefits. Due to high strength, the sheet thickness can be reduced without loss of stability, thereby, a weight reduction is achieved. High ductility enlarges the degrees of freedom in the design of components. Furthermore, it yields high energy absorbing ability in a crash. A unique combination of high strength and ductility is provided by high manganese steel.The properties of high manganese steels result from different mechanisms, such as crystallographic slip, the transformation of metastable austenite to martensite (TRIP), [2] twinning (TWIP), [3,4] and nano size κ-carbide formation (TRIPLEX). [5] High Mn steel containing about 13 wt.-% Mn and up to 1.4 wt.-% C, first made by Sir Robert Abbott Hadfield in the 1880s, is famous for its high impact strength and resistance to abrasion. [6] By variation of the Mncontent from 5 to 30 wt.-% (medium to high Mn steels) and by alloying with Al, Si, and C the excellent mechanical properties of Mn steel can be further optimized and adjusted. The addition of Al and Si improves roomtemperature properties by adjusting stacking fault energy and it also reduces density. [5,7,8] Increasing C-content in a suitable range was found to increase both strength and ductility. [9] Microalloying with Ti, Nb, and V can be used to increase yield strength by precipitation hardening. [10] Thermomechanical treatment, e.g., by warm rolling at about 200 °C and subsequent annealing at 520-550 °C, adjusts deformation mechanisms and in this way the resulting properties. [11] Furthermore, properties can be adjusted by annealing, e.g., to control the carbide morphology. [12] Apart from the mechanical properties, various further aspects of high Mn steel properties have been investigated like crack formation mechanisms and the influence of hydrogen. [13][14][15][16] Hydrogen embrittlement and delayed fracture is a serious problem for certain highmanganese steels. Micro-segregation in high Mn steels can have a significant effect on the mechanical properties at ambient temperature. [17][18][19] Compared to fundamental aspects and the properties under application conditions, the behavior of high and medium Mn steels during production and processing has not found so much attention. The behavior during cold rolling has been investigated by Ofei et al. [20] The strain rate effect on the mechanical properties is important to adjust forming processes to the specific material and it is furthermore important for the crash performance in automotive applications. [21] For casting, [22][23][24][25][26] hot rolling, [27] and welding, [28,29] the hightemperature properties are of crucial importance and it is essential to ensure a sufficient quality in these process steps. High-temperature brittleness restricts the applicability of the con...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Temperature Properties of High Mn Steel with Al, Si, and C

Wang¹,

Spitzer

2022

steel research int.

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“…Furthermore, a higher level of N promotes transverse cracking in Nb-containing steels; however, this can be minimized by keeping N below 0.004% with the help of carbonitride-forming elements such as Ti and Nb [6]. Additionally, the coexistence of Ti can encourage the improvement of hot ductility by reducing the stoichiometric ratio of the detrimental Nb(CN) particles via selective compounding with N [6,[19][20][21]. Patrick and Ludlow assessed that a Ti addition of 0.02-0.04 wt.% is required to reduce transverse cracking, but 0.15 wt.% Ti is required for avoiding these cracks completely.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microscopic Investigation for Experimental Study on Transverse Cracking of Ti-Nb Containing Micro-Alloyed Steels

Turan,

Shafy,

Palkowski

2024

Materials

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The influence of Ti on the behavior of hot ductility was examined in four different Ti-containing micro-alloyed steels with a constant content of Nb. Thermomechanical investigations using a dilatometer were carried out to simulate the conditions during casting and cooling in the strand of a continuous caster with temperatures in the range of 650–1100 °C, strain rates of 0.01 s−1 and 0.001 s−1, and reheating rates between 60 and 180 Kmin−1. To understand the fracture mechanism, optical (LOM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), elemental analysis via energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), MatCalc Scheil–Guilliver calculations, and precipitation kinetics calculations were carried out for the critical conditions, showing low hot ductility between Ar3 and Ae3 temperatures and a brittle to ductile transition temperature at 900 °C. The existence of TiNb(CN), thin ferrite formation, and grain boundary sliding (GBs) due to limited dynamic recrystallization (DRX) has been documented and discussed. As a result, the reheating rate has no sufficient effect on the ductility. The existence of Nb-rich TiNb(CN) of sizes below ~1 μm triggers brittle fracture by increasing the frequency of micro-voids around grain boundaries. It can be stated that if the conditions in the hot ductility trough are avoided, the addition of Ti and high strain support minimize the risk of crack formation.

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“…There is a sizable body of literature concerning mechanisms of cracking at as-cast slabs at high temperature, above 700 °C. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] Cooling cracks are also known to occur in as-cast slabs at lower temperatures, below 300 °C, espacially in higher-Si grades. The mechanism for this lowtemperature cracking in high-Si as-cast slabs is not fully understood.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of Si on the Ductile‐to‐Brittle Transition Behavior of As‐Cast Advanced High‐Strength Steels

Giacomin

Bollinger

Komolwit³

et al. 2022

steel research int.

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High Si concentrations in third‐generation advanced high‐strength steels (AHSS) are known to cause cracking in continuous cast slabs during cooling at temperatures below 300 °C. To investigate the mechanism connecting Si to this embrittlement, impact toughness tests are conducted on as‐cast Fe–0.2C–3.0Mn steels with 0.5, 1.5, and 3.0 wt% Si at temperatures between 100 and 400 °C. The propagation path of the cracks through the microstructure of the specimens is examined. The ductile‐to‐brittle transition (DBT) behaviors of the three steels are compared. Higher Si concentrations raise the DBT temperature of the steels. The influence of Si on both solid‐solution strengthening and autotempering during cooling likely contributes to this by increasing the hardness of these as‐cast microstructures. In addition, the precipitation of pro‐eutectoid ferrite (αPE), which is promoted by higher Si concentrations, significantly lowers the upper shelf energy of the DBT curve. The αPE phase also alters the propagation path of brittle fracture in the specimens, potentially contributing to the increase in DBT temperature. The increase in DBT temperature and decrease in upper shelf energy may contribute to the as‐cast AHSS slab embrittlement at low temperatures observed in the industry.

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Investigations on Decreased High Temperature Ductility of Different Continuously Cast Steel Grades

Cited by 4 publications

References 63 publications

High‐Temperature Properties of High Mn Steel with Al, Si, and C

High‐Temperature Properties of High Mn Steel with Al, Si, and C

Microscopic Investigation for Experimental Study on Transverse Cracking of Ti-Nb Containing Micro-Alloyed Steels

Effects of Si on the Ductile‐to‐Brittle Transition Behavior of As‐Cast Advanced High‐Strength Steels

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