Investigations on behavioral effects of an extract of Cannabis sativa L. in the rat

Ferri, Sergio Solbes; Costa, Giuliano; Murari, G; Panico, Annamaria; Rapisarda, E.; Speroni, Ester; Arrigo-Reina, R.

doi:10.1007/bf00432176

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Hyperresponsivity to auditory and tactile stimulation is also characteristic in both rats and mice (Dewey 1986;Ferri et al 1981). Although mildly restrained, a similar behavioral profile was noted in the present study and has been reported by others after acute AEA administration in rodents (Crawley et al 1993, Fride andSmith et al 1994, Stein et al 1996, Varga et al 1995.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Catalepsy is a hallmark of both ⌬ 9 THC and AEA administration in rodents and can be generated after either peripheral (Ferri et al 1981;Pertwee 1972) or direct central administration into the caudate nucleus (Gough and Olley 1978), but not the globus pallidus (Pertwee and Wickens 1991). Although both the pallidum and caudate nuclei possess dense cannabinoid receptors (Herkenham et al 1991b), functional measures have yielded disparate results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Selective Effects of the Endogenous Cannabinoid Arachidonylethanolamide (Anandamide) on Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in the Rat

Stein

Fuller

Edgemond

et al. 1998

Neuropsychopharmacology

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The behavioral profile seen in humans following administration of marijuana has long been a source of intense interest, because the unique syndrome produced does not resemble that seen after any other psychoactive substance. Subjectively, the cannabinoid syndrome in humans includes sensory enhancement, errors in the judgment of time and space, dissociation of ideas, delusions, impulsivity, and hallucinations (Pertwee 1988). For example, individuals often report that while under the influence of cannabis, auditory, gustatory, and visual stimuli often seem more intense and pleasurable; whereas, time often seems to proceed more slowly. Memory loss, especially short-term or working memory, and attentional deficits are also hallmarks of cannabinoid intoxication (Chait and Pierri 1992;Schwartz 1993). The central nervous system mechanisms and sites of action of these cognitive effects are still poorly understood. NO . 6 Regional changes in cerebral blood flow and metabolism are thought to reflect changes in regional neuronal activity (Sokoloff 1981). Because specific cognitive or drug-induced challenges are known to induce regionally specific changes in neuronal activity regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), and glucose utilization (Sokoloff, 1981), various functional metabolic imaging procedures have been employed in an attempt to understand better marijuana's neuroanatomical sites of action. Mathew and colleagues (Mathew et al. 1989(Mathew et al. , 1992) measured changes in rCBF following acute drug administration. An increase in CBF was seen in experienced versus inexperienced subjects with greater frontal and right hemisphere blood flow seen 30 min after marijuana smoking. These blood flow effects were not related to changes in general circulation, respiration, or plasma tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentrations (Mathew and Wilson 1993). In contrast, using intravenous ⌬ 9 THC, the principal psychoactive agent in marijuana, Volkow et al. (1991) reported an increase in glucose utilization (rCMRglu) only in the cerebellum when data were corrected for changes in global metabolism. More recently, in a population of THC abusers, Volkow et al. (1996) demonstrated THC-induced increases in rCMRglu in the orbitofrontal and prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia that correlated with the subjective sense of intoxication. Baseline cerebellar rCMRglu rates were also lower in abusers than control subjects. In contrast to the above studies on human subjects, Margulies and Hammer (1991) reported biphasic, dose-dependent effects of ⌬ 9 THC in most limbic (but not diencephalic/brainstem) regions, with low doses causing an increase and high doses a decrease in rCMRglu. We (Bloom et al. 1997) have also demonstrated heterogenous decreases in rCBF after acute ⌬ 9 THC administration in the rat at doses comparable to the high doses of Margulies and Hammer (1991).Despite these gains in our understanding of the neuroanatomical localization of ⌬ 9 THC's effect upon brain activity, the recent discovery of an endogenous cannabinoid receptor in ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Effects of the Endogenous Cannabinoid Arachidonylethanolamide (Anandamide) on Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in the Rat

Stein

Fuller

Edgemond

et al. 1998

Neuropsychopharmacology

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“…injection of AEA. This behavioural profile closely resembles the 'popcorn-like' hyper-reactive behaviour often reported in rodents when exposed to cannabinoids (Dewey, 1986;Ferri et al, 1981). The onset of these behavioural effects following an i.v.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Physiological and behavioural effects of the endogenous cannabinoid, arachidonylethanolamide (anandamide), in the rat

Stein

Fuller

Edgemond

et al. 1996

British J Pharmacology

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“…A variety of centrally mediated phenomena have been observed in mouse, rat, dog, rabbit and monkey and are reviewed elsewhere (DEWEY 1986;HOLLISTER 1986;RAZDAN 1986), but include measures of spontaneous and forced (rotorod) locomotion, hypothermia, immobility, antinociception, drug discrimination, static ataxia, anticonvulsant actions and operant behavioral measures. Also, hypersensitivity to auditory or tactile stimulation has been observed (FERRI et al 1981). By defining the spectrum of activity (efficacy, potency, etc.)…”

Section: Unlearned Behaviors/ethologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another well established motor effect of marihuana is its propensity to cause animals to maintain a rigid posture or catalepsy. Cataleptic effects of cannabinoids have been assessed both the bar immobility test (FERRI et al 1981) and the ring immobility test (PERTWEE 1972) . Clearly, the extrapyramidal system seems to play an important role in these effects.…”

Section: Motor Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Marihuana

Compton¹,

Harris²,

Lichtman³

et al. 1996

Pharmacological Aspects of Drug Dependence

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Among the drugs of abuse which are regulated under the United States Controlled Substances Act and the International Conventions, none has created more intense public debate and controversy than marihuana. Marihuana is one of many names given to the leaves and flowering tops of the plant Cannabis sativa. The plant grows in all temperate regions of this planet and has been used commercially as a source of fiber and oil. Wherever the plant grows people have learned to ingest the material for its introxicating effects. The usual routes of administration are by mouth or smoking. It has been estimated that, worldwide, more than one hundred million individuals are regular users of the plant material. However, accurate data on this situation are not available. In the United States, use data have been collected on a regular basis using two large surveys, the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES AD-MINISTRATION 1994) and the Monitoring the Future Survey (JOHNSTON et al. 1994) which covers eighth, tenth, and twelfth grade students in public and private schools. Figure 1 presents the data over time for lifetime, annual, 30 day, and daily use of marihuana among high school seniors in the United States (JOHNSTON et al. 1994). As can be seen, use peaked from 1978 to 1980 and had been declining slowly up to 1992. From 1992 to 1993 there was a significant increase in all use categories. Even more disturbing was the fact that very similar trend data were reported for eighth and tenth graders. This was matched in 1992 and 1993 by a decrease in the reported "perceived risk" from use of the drug.Data from the Household Survey revealed similar findings among those 12-17 years old. It is estimated that in 1993, 600000 individuals in this age group used marihuana weekly. There was also an increase in reporting that "obtaining marihuana is fairly or very easy." These trends should give us early warning of increased future public health problems. This is especially true when one looks at the increasing concentrations of /1"tetrahydrocannabinol (/1"-THC), the psychoactive principal found in confiscated samples of the plant material. This is illustrated in Fig. 2. During the years of peak use in the United States (1976)(1977)(1978)(1979)(1980) the average /1l)-THC content of confiscated cannabis was about 1.5%. There was a steady increase C. R. Schuster et al. (eds.

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Investigations on behavioral effects of an extract of Cannabis sativa L. in the rat

Cited by 12 publications

References 19 publications

Selective Effects of the Endogenous Cannabinoid Arachidonylethanolamide (Anandamide) on Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in the Rat

Selective Effects of the Endogenous Cannabinoid Arachidonylethanolamide (Anandamide) on Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in the Rat

Physiological and behavioural effects of the endogenous cannabinoid, arachidonylethanolamide (anandamide), in the rat

Marihuana

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