Investigations of Δ14C, δ 13C, and δ 15N in vertebrae of white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) from the eastern North Pacific Ocean

Kerr, Lisa A.; Andrews, Allen H.; Cailliet, Gregor M.; Brown, Thomas A.; Coale, Kenneth H.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-5570-6_14

Cited by 33 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Our results are supported by Kerr et al [101] who reported the same decrease in δ 13 C values with white shark size based on SIA of NEP white shark vertebrae. The decrease Kerr et al [101] reported in δ 13 C values appears to have started at similar size/age as we observed here. Kerr et al [101] also determined that radiocarbon ( 14 C) values were depleted in larger sharks.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Using Stable Isotope Analysis to Understand the Migration and Trophic Ecology of Northeastern Pacific White Sharks (Carcharodon carcharias)

et al. 2012

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The white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) is a wide-ranging apex predator in the northeastern Pacific (NEP). Electronic tagging has demonstrated that white sharks exhibit a regular migratory pattern, occurring at coastal sites during the late summer, autumn and early winter and moving offshore to oceanic habitats during the remainder of the year, although the purpose of these migrations remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to use stable isotope analysis (SIA) to provide insight into the trophic ecology and migratory behaviors of white sharks in the NEP. Between 2006 and 2009, 53 white sharks were biopsied in central California to obtain dermal and muscle tissues, which were analyzed for stable isotope values of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N). We developed a mixing model that directly incorporates movement data and tissue incorporation (turnover) rates to better estimate the relative importance of different focal areas to white shark diet and elucidate their migratory behavior. Mixing model results for muscle showed a relatively equal dietary contribution from coastal and offshore regions, indicating that white sharks forage in both areas. However, model results indicated that sharks foraged at a higher relative rate in coastal habitats. There was a negative relationship between shark length and muscle δ13C and δ15N values, which may indicate ontogenetic changes in habitat use related to onset of maturity. The isotopic composition of dermal tissue was consistent with a more rapid incorporation rate than muscle and may represent more recent foraging. Low offshore consumption rates suggest that it is unlikely that foraging is the primary purpose of the offshore migrations. These results demonstrate how SIA can provide insight into the trophic ecology and migratory behavior of marine predators, especially when coupled with electronic tagging data.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Using Stable Isotope Analysis to Understand the Migration and Trophic Ecology of Northeastern Pacific White Sharks (Carcharodon carcharias)

et al. 2012

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“…Analyses of feeding habits and tracking studies indicated deep-water squid were a component of the shortfin mako diet in the western North Atlantic Ocean (Carey et al 1978;Stillwell and Kohler 1982). Tracking studies in the eastern North Pacific Ocean indicated young shortfin mako (up to 1.7-1.8 m TL) frequent the upper 50 m of the water column (corresponding to the 18-20°C range), but make excursions to deeper waters, presumably to feed (Holts and Bedford 1993;Klimley et al 2002;Sepulveda et al 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Application of bomb radiocarbon chronologies to shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus) age validation

et al. 2006

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Age estimation is an issue for the shortfin mako, Isurus oxyrinchus, because of disagreement on vertebral band-pair deposition periodicity. In the 1950s-1960s, thermonuclear testing released large amounts of radiocarbon into the atmosphere, which diffused into the ocean through gas exchange. This influx created a time-specific marker that can be used in age validation. Annual band-pair deposition in the porbeagle, Lamna nasus, was validated in a previous study and indicated preliminary annual deposition in the shortfin mako, using four samples from one vertebra. In the present study, age estimates from 54 shortfin mako vertebrae collected in 1950-1984 ranged 1-31 years. Ageing error between readers was consistent, with 76% of the estimates ranging within 2 years. Twenty-one D 14 C values from eight shortfin mako vertebrae (collected in the western North Atlantic in 1963-1984) ranged -154.8& to 86.8&. The resulting conformity with the D 14 C timeline for the porbeagle supported annual band-pair deposition in vertebrae of the shortfin mako.

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“…While this exciting new validation approach is quite promising, it is also highly technical and expensive, thus no new papers have been published to date. However, three papers were presented at this symposium, which appear in these proceedings (see Ardizzone et al 2006;Campana et al 2006;Kerr et al 2006) In our review of the recent literature (Cailliet and Goldman 2004), including the more recent 28 studies, validation studies have not been very common for chondrichthyan fishes. This is mainly because of their limited accessibility, large size and mobility, and the difficulty of obtaining monthly, or even seasonal, samples.…”

Section: Validation Analysismentioning

confidence: 94%

Age and growth studies of chondrichthyan fishes: the need for consistency in terminology, verification, validation, and growth function fitting

et al. 2006

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Validated age and growth estimates are important for constructing age-structured population dynamic models of chondrichthyan fishes, especially those which are exploited. We review age and growth studies of chondrichthyan fishes, using 28 recent studies to identify areas where improvements can be made in describing the characteristics of ageing structures (both traditional and novel) utilized to estimate ages of sharks, rays, and chimaeras. The topics identified that need consistency include the: (1) terminology used to describe growth features; (2) methods used to both verify and validate age estimates from chondrichthyan calcified structures, especially edge and marginal increment analyses; and (3) the functions used to produce and describe growth parameters, stressing the incorporation of size at birth (L 0 ) and multiple functions to characterize growth characteristics, age at maturity and longevity.

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Investigations of Δ14C, δ 13C, and δ 15N in vertebrae of white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) from the eastern North Pacific Ocean

Cited by 33 publications

References 39 publications

Using Stable Isotope Analysis to Understand the Migration and Trophic Ecology of Northeastern Pacific White Sharks (Carcharodon carcharias)

Using Stable Isotope Analysis to Understand the Migration and Trophic Ecology of Northeastern Pacific White Sharks (Carcharodon carcharias)

Application of bomb radiocarbon chronologies to shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus) age validation

Age and growth studies of chondrichthyan fishes: the need for consistency in terminology, verification, validation, and growth function fitting

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