Investigations of Ventilation Rate, Smoking Activity and Indoor Air Quality at Four Large Office Buildings

Oldaker, Guy B.; Taylor, W. D.; Parrish, Ken B.

doi:10.1080/09593331608616258

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The main source of particle generation appeared to be the hallway, suggesting that resuspension of tracked-in dust is an important indoor source of particles. Oldaker et al, (1993) in all areas on nonsmoking flights). Klepeis et al (1995) measured particle concentrations in smoking lounges at the San Francisco and San Jose airports.…”

Section: Wallacementioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor Particles: A Review

Wallace¹

1996

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

656

440

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This paper reviews studies of particle concentrations and sources in homes and buildings. Three major studies of indoor and outdoor concentrations in U.S. homes are summarized in detail and compared. A number of smaller studies in homes are also briefly summarized. One study of 38 buildings and several smaller studies of buildings are also reviewed.All major studies found that an important indoor source of fine and coarse particles was cigarette smoking, with estimated increases in homes with smokers ranging from 25 to 45 jig/m 3 PM 2 5 . Several studies identified cooking as a second important source. All of the three major studies found a substantial portion of indoor particles to be due to unexplained indoor sources, suggesting a topic for future research. One study also found a large unexplained increase in personal exposure to PM 10 compared to concurrent indoor or outdoor concentrations-the so-called "personal cloud," a second topic for further research.The impact of outdoor air particles on indoor concentrations was considered. Equilibrium mass balance models indicate that this is a function of the penetration P through the building envelope, the air exchange rate a, and the particle decay rate k. EPA' s PTEAM Study provided an estimate for k of 0.39 h 1 for fine particles and 1.01 h 1 for coarse particles. Two studies suggest that P = 1 for PM 10 . Using these results, the fraction of outdoor air PM 2 s and PM 10 particles found indoors at a given air exchange rate can be calculated. The protective effect of reducing air exchange rates during periods of high outdoor particle pollution can thus be quantified.

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Section: Wallacementioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor Particles: A Review

Wallace¹

1996

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

656

440

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“…Carbon dioxide has long been considered as an indicator of indoor air quality (Haghighat & Donnini, 1992;Haghighat & Donnini, 1993;Hung & Derossis, 1989;Oldaker, Taylor, & Parrish, 1995). Naturally-generated indoor carbon dioxide concentrations have been used to estimate venti lation rate in animal housing (Vantklooster & Heitlager, 1994), and in offices and laboratories (Jankovic, Ihle, & Vick, 1996).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A System for Measuring Vertical Concentration Profiles of Gaseous Pollutants, Using Carbon Dioxide as a Case Study

Micallef

Deuchar

Colls

1998

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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An electronically-controlled sampling system, characterised by its organ pipe design, has been developed for sampling air sequentially, at different heights within the breathing zone. Data are automatically logged at the different receptor levels, for the determination of the average vertical concentration profile of gaseous pollutants. The system has been coupled to a carbon dioxide monitor and used in a brief study of the spatial and temporal variation of indoor carbon dioxide concentration. The system can easily be extended for different heights or modified for use with other types of gas monitor. The results of a trial run, which was carried out in a coffee room, are presented and applications of the Organ Pipe Sequential Sampling (OPSS) system are discussed.

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“…Building type: school (1); occupancy: not given; ventilation: mechanical; VOC sampling: not given 9 . 26 Oldaker et al [61 ], USA. Building type: offices (4); occupancy : see chart; ventilation: see chart; VOC sampling: Tenax, GC/MS 1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review : Indoor Concentrations of Volatile Organic Compounds: Implications for Comfort, Health and Regulation

Holcomb¹,

Seabrook²

1995

Indoor Environment

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Recently published studies where individual volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been identified and quantified have been reviewed. Mean concentrations of the compounds have been calculated for public places, homes, and transportation environments. Where the data were available to differentiate between smoking and non-smoking areas these have been summarised.Studies which have attempted to assess health impacts such as odour and irritation in conjunction with VOCs appear to be using unrealistic mixtures and concentrations of VOCs compared to those found in real life situations. Future research employing more realistic concentrations of VOCs will aid in understanding the true effect VOCs may have on indoor air quality and the persons exposed in that environment. Research using the American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) animal bioassay E981-84 may provide a reasonable method for establishment of human exposure guidelines. Concentrations found to cause irritation in humans are higher than typical indoor levels found in this review. Irritation is unlikely to occur at the mean levels reported herein. In general, where ventilation rates meet or exceed the requirements of ASHRAE Standard 62-1989, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality, TVOC levels are low, usually less than 1 mg/m3 and concentrations of individual VOCs are well below (less than 1 %) any recognised occupational exposure standard.

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Investigations of Ventilation Rate, Smoking Activity and Indoor Air Quality at Four Large Office Buildings

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Indoor Particles: A Review

Indoor Particles: A Review

A System for Measuring Vertical Concentration Profiles of Gaseous Pollutants, Using Carbon Dioxide as a Case Study

Review : Indoor Concentrations of Volatile Organic Compounds: Implications for Comfort, Health and Regulation

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