Investigations of the wear of cubic boron nitride cutting tools using Auger electron spectroscopy and X-ray analysis by EPMA

Zimmermann, Marco; Lahres, M.; Viens, D.V.; Laube, B.L.

doi:10.1016/s0043-1648(96)07488-1

“…Farhat [23] investigated tool wear for higher cutting speeds, >240 m/min, and proposed that the workpiece melted in the contact area with the tool as the temperature increased. Zimmermann [24] discussed whether a higher temperature on the rake face compared to the flank face could cause tribochemical reactions where cBN dissolved and was removed by the flowing FeO chip. As a softer phase, the Ti-based matrix phase was then assumed to be abraded.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An in-depth investigation of the cutting speed impact on the degraded microstructure of worn PCBN cutting tools

Angseryd

¹

,

Andrén

²

2011

Wear

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The impact of an increased cutting speed on the degradation of a low content polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) tool material is investigated by advanced microscopy techniques. The locally affected microstructure of worn PCBN cutting tools, after dry hard turning, is studied by high precision in-situ lift-out cross sections taken from across the crater, formed on the rake face. The cross sections are studied with scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with electron energy loss spectroscopy and, primarily, energy filtered TEM.Advanced analysis techniques are crucial to illustrate the degradation mechanisms taking place locally at micro-and nanometre levels during the machining operation. Results show that a higher cutting speed drastically affects the wear surface of the cutting edge. While an adherent layer, consisting of elements from the workpiece material, covers practically the whole wear surface at a lower cutting speed, it is only partially distributed at a higher cutting speed. Results also show significant differences in the local microstructure of the affected worn zone with an increase in cutting speed. The chemical degradation will go from tool-workpiece interface wear with smooth wear surfaces and almost no interaction with material below the wear surface at lower cutting speed to a severe penetration into the tool material by partially oxidised Fe-rich features at higher cutting speed. The more aggressive degradation behaviour at the higher cutting speed is also more localised. Single chemically worn cBN grains are for example shown. The dominating wear mechanism is shown to be chemical degradation, which accelerates with a higher cutting speed. The cBN phase is more affected than the major matrix phase, Ti(C,N). Keywords

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“…But the field of application is complimentary and economic only when the c-BN tools are applied in the precision grinding and high speed cutting of hard ferrous alloys. The major obstacle for a broad application of c-BN cutting tools remains their high cost and still unsatisfactory wear rates [24].…”

Section: Cubic Boron Nitride (C-bn) (! Boron Carbide Boron Nitride mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hard Materials

Zerr

¹

,

Eschnauer²,

Kny

³

2012

Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry

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The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 1.1. Hardness Measurement (Overview) 1.2. Classification of Hard Materials 1.2.1. Occurrence 1.2.2. Appearance 1.2.3. Electrical Conductivity 1.2.4. Composition and Thermal Stability in Air 2. Nonmetallic Hard Materials 2.1. Diamond 2.2. Cubic Boron Nitride (c‐BN) 2.3. Silicon Nitrides 2.4. Transition Metal Nitrides M x N x +1 2.5. Silicon Carbide 2.6. Alumina 2.7. Cermets 3. Metallic Hard Materials (Cemented Carbides) 3.1. Production 3.1.1. Raw Materials 3.1.2. Powder Batch Manufacturing 3.1.3. Pressing and Forming 3.1.4. Sintering 3.1.5. Machining 3.1.6. Coating 3.1.7. Testing and Quality Control 3.2. Commercial Grades 3.3. Properties 3.4. Uses 3.5. Economic Aspects 3.6. Toxicology Hard materials are solid substances exhibiting a high resistance towards plastic (irreversible) deformation or damage of their surface by scratching (Mohs or Martens scale), grinding (Rosiwal method) or indentation (Brinell, Rockwell, Shore, Vickers, or Knoop testing). Some of them occur in nature but the majority is synthetic. They are also classified according to their appearance, electric conductivity, and chemical composition which defines their thermal stability in air. This article gives an overview of the synthesis routes, properties, and fields of application of the most important nonmetallic and metallic hard materials. A few recently discovered hard compounds are briefly introduced. Finally, the family of cemented carbides is discussed in more detail, which is broadly used today for cutting of ferrous alloys, in forming equipment, mining industry, and wear resistant components.

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“…Therefore, its characterization in a row is essential. [2] The generated wear processes is very complex because it is followed by physicochemical phenomena appearing on the contact surfaces between tool part, workpiece and chip, whereas in the active cutting tool part surface, pressure increases up to 103 to 2x103 MPa and temperature increases from 100°C to 1000°C and even more [3][4][5][6][7][8]. In fact, several wear mechanisms occur simultaneously, although any one of them may dominate the process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The wear of the carbide cutting tools coated with TiN during the milling of Inconel 738

Sebhi¹,

Douib²

2017

AIP Conference Proceedings

1

0

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Abstract. The machining of superalloy parts still an area not very clear in mechanical manufacturing. It is found to be used in particular areas such as gas turbine, rocket engine, space ships, nuclear reactors, and pumps. The machining of Inconel 738 superalloy has been studied in this context, with the aim to understand the wear behavior with carbide inserts coated with TiN and in order to optimize the cutting parameters before starting the production. The wear behavior of the inserts during the machining process of a very tough austenitic superalloy is unclear, and requires a series of well determined tests. The life of the insert under high stress such as pressure, cutting speed, high temperature, in a hostile zone and in contact with a very tough and harder material is determined. The generated process of wear is very complex, because it is followed by physico-chemical phenomenon appearing on the contact surfaces between the active part of the tool and workpiece.The lifetime of machine tools often depends on the tribological characteristics of the material couples (cutting tool / material to be machined). It has been shown that the most influential parameter is the coating, then comes the sliding speed. A relationship between the wear VB and the roughness Ra is proposed to collect information on the cutting edge and the quality of the tool by measuring the roughness. For wear measurement, an indirect method is used in coupling a Touptek photonics camera to capture and Ttoupview analysis software.

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Investigations of the wear of cubic boron nitride cutting tools using Auger electron spectroscopy and X-ray analysis by EPMA

Cited by 39 publications

References 6 publications

An in-depth investigation of the cutting speed impact on the degraded microstructure of worn PCBN cutting tools

An in-depth investigation of the cutting speed impact on the degraded microstructure of worn PCBN cutting tools

Hard Materials

The wear of the carbide cutting tools coated with TiN during the milling of Inconel 738

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