Investigations of the reasons for fungal durability of heat-treated beech wood

Hakkou, Mohammed; Pétrissans, Mathieu; Gérardin, Philippe; Zoulalian, André

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2005.04.042

Cited by 285 publications

(173 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The more even distribution of acetyl groups in Corsican pine may explain the effectiveness of decay prevention (Habu et al 2006) compared with Scots pine investigated by Hill et al (2004Hill et al ( , 2009 blocking will only slow down oxidative degradation and the formation of the microcapillary pathways required for enzyme diffusion and subsequent hydrolysis ( Figure 2B). well with decay resistance (Hakkou et al 2006;Rapp et al 2008). After the heat-induced cross-linking was disrupted by treatment with KOH, EMC and decay resistance declined to the levels found in untreated wood (Rapp et al 2008).…”

Section: Exclusion Of Moisture Through Decrease In Cell Wall Void Volumementioning

confidence: 82%

“…However, Hill et al (2005Hill et al ( , 2009) and Papadopoulos and Hill (2002) showed that the number of OH-groups blocked in acetylated wood do not correlate with decay resistance. Accordingly, the loss of hemicelluloses from thermally modified wood does not correlate with decay resistance (Hakkou et al 2006;Welzbacher 2007). The number of available (free) OH-groups is increased in DMDHEUtreated wood, which supports the subordinate role of free OH-groups in decay resistance (Dieste et al 2009a).…”

Section: Exclusion Of Moisture Via the Reduction Of Accessible Oh-groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mode of action of brown rot decay resistance in modified wood: a review

Ringman

Pilgård²,

Brischke

et al. 2013

Holzforschung

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Chemically or physically modified wood materials have enhanced resistance to wood decay fungi. In contrast to treatments with traditional wood preservatives, where the resistance is caused mainly by the toxicity of the chemicals added, little is known about the mode of action of nontoxic wood modification methods. This study reviews established theories related to resistance in acetylated, furfurylated, dimethylol dihydroxyethyleneurea-treated, and thermally modified wood. The main conclusion is that only one theory provides a consistent explanation for the initial inhibition of brown rot degradation in modified wood, that is, moisture exclusion via the reduction of cell wall voids. Other proposed mechanisms, such as enzyme nonrecognition, micropore blocking, and reducing the number of free hydroxyl groups, may reduce the degradation rate when cell wall water uptake is no longer impeded.

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Section: Exclusion Of Moisture Through Decrease In Cell Wall Void Volumementioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Exclusion Of Moisture Via the Reduction Of Accessible Oh-groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mode of action of brown rot decay resistance in modified wood: a review

Ringman

Pilgård²,

Brischke

et al. 2013

Holzforschung

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“…Nevertheless, it was reasonably consistent with the results of previous studies in which the range was 9 to 14%. This range of ML has been reported to be crucial to accomplish the highest durability against white and brown rot fungi (Hakkou et al 2006, Mburu et al 2007, Sustersic et al 2010. Table 2 shows the mean ML and standard deviations of different wood species caused by decay fungi.…”

Section: Mass Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative biological resistance of differently thermal modified wood species against decay fungi, Reticulitermes grassei and Hylotrupes bajulus

Sivrikaya

Can

Troya³

et al. 2015

Maderas, Cienc. tecnol.

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Thermal modified wood has some advantages over natural wood, including decreased hygroscopicity, increased dimensional stability, and enhanced durability. In this study, European species of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), spruce (Picea orientalis), ash (Fraxinus spp.), and tropical species of tali (Erythrophleum ivorense), and iroko (Chlorophora excelsa) were thermally treated at 180 °C and 210 °C for 1,5 and 2 h, respectively. We evaluated the resistances of the untreated and thermally treated samples to decay induced by the white rot fungus, Trametes versicolor and two brown rot fungi, Coniophora puteana and Postia placenta. In addition, the samples were exposed to the termite Reticulitermes grassei and the longhorn beetle species Hylotrupes bajulus to evaluate their resistance to damage by the insects. During the heat treatment, the mass loss of the samples generally was between 9 and 14%. After the heat treatment, experiments were conducted to determine the effects of white and brown rot fungi on samples of Scots pine and tali, the effect of C. puteana on spruce, and the effects of C. puteana and P. placenta on ash and iroko. In all experiments, the mass loss due to damage from the various fungi was less than 1% for the samples that had been heat treated at 210 °C. The untreated and heat-treated tropical species exhibited higher durability with very low mass loss and 100% mortality of the insects when attacked by termites, whereas the other wood species had moderate attack. In addition, Hylotrupes bajulus exposure by two standart methods (EN 46 and 47) resulted in similar performances in most cases, although EN 47 treated samples at 210 °C showed improved durability for Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and spruce (Picea orientalis).

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“…Following this, mangrove charcoal δ 13 C falls, although the reduction relative to the starting wood is smaller than that observed in pine. A contributing factor to initial increased mangrove δ 13 C at 300°C may be degradation of extractives above 160°C (Hakkou et al, 2006). In mangrove, these have δ 13 C 4.2‰ less than whole wood; whereas in pine, the extractive-wood δ 13 C offset is much lower (Table 1).…”

Section: δ 13 C Variations During Charcoal Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of production variables and starting material on charcoal stable isotopic and molecular characteristics

Ascough

Bird

Wormald

et al. 2008

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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We present a systematic study on the effect of starting species, gas composition, temperature, particle size and duration of heating upon the molecular and stable isotope composition of high density (mangrove) and low density (pine) wood. In both pine and mangrove, charcoal was depleted in δ 13 C relative to the starting wood by up to 1.6‰ and 0.8‰ respectively. This is attributed predominantly to the progressive loss of isotopically heavier polysaccharides, and kinetic effects of aromatization during heating. However, the pattern of δ 13 C change was dependant upon both starting species and atmosphere, with different structural changes associated with charcoal production from each wood type elucidated by Solid State 13 C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. These are particularly evident at lower temperatures, where variation in the oxygen content of the production atmosphere results in differences in the thermal degradation of cellulose and lignin. It is concluded that production of charcoal from separate species in identical conditions, or from a single sample exposed to different production variables, can result in significantly different δ 13 C of the resulting material, relative to the initial wood. These results have implications for the use of charcoal isotope composition to infer past environmental change.

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Investigations of the reasons for fungal durability of heat-treated beech wood

Cited by 285 publications

References 11 publications

Mode of action of brown rot decay resistance in modified wood: a review

Mode of action of brown rot decay resistance in modified wood: a review

Comparative biological resistance of differently thermal modified wood species against decay fungi, Reticulitermes grassei and Hylotrupes bajulus

Influence of production variables and starting material on charcoal stable isotopic and molecular characteristics

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