“…Spray drying is a technique in which drugs and polymer solutions, suspensions, or emulsions are atomized through a nozzle and injected into hot air (Wei et al, 2020 ) ( Figure 6 ). As the solvent rapidly evaporates, the atomized droplets are transformed into solid particles (Shi et al, 2020 ; Wei et al, 2020 ). The spray drying process usually includes four stages: atomization, droplet mixing with dry gas, solvent volatilization, and product separation, in which the technological conditions and parameters of the atomization process play a decisive role in the droplet size distribution (Ré, 2006 ; Liu et al, 2015 ; Deshmukh et al, 2016 ; Messa et al, 2020 ), such as the selection of atomizer, nozzle pressure, feed or air flow rate, etc (Bowey & Neufeld, 2010 ; Shi et al, 2020 ).…”