“…For example, by analyzing the optical and EPR spectra, we have A 2 (R 0 )/A 4 (R 0 ) ≈ 10 ± 2, 6 ± 2 and 5 ± 2 for 3d n (29,30,36,37), 4d n (35,38,39) and 5d n (35) clusters, respectively (note: the uncertainty of the ratio is due to the different nature of the md n clusters in various crystals). Thus, we take A 2 (R 0 )/A 4 (R 0 ) ≈ 5.5 for Rh 4+ (4d 5 ) ion in BaTiO 3 and A 2 (R 0 )/A 4 (R 0 ) ≈ 5 for Ir 4+ (5d 5 ) ion in BaTiO 3 .…”